材料导论习题

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1、Exerciseofchapter1and2:1・WhatareMaterials?Materialsaredefinedassolidsusedbymantoproduceitemswhichconstitutethesupportforhislivingenvironment.材料是指人类用以制造生活和生产所需要的物品，器件，机器和其他产品的物质.2.HowtosortMaterials?Thereismanywaystosortmaterials,andthemainmethodisclassedby

2、itsphysicandchemicalfunction

3、ndfunctionmaterialsClassbypurpose:Electric,biologic,medicalmaterials3.WhatmeansMaterialscience?Materialsscienceismadeupoffourparts:Performances,Synthesismethod,Properties,CompositionandStructure.Forthemostimportance,thePerformancesofmaterialsarepaidmoreatt

4、entionbecausetheyaredeterminedtheapplicationofmaterials.Ifonekindofmaterialsatisfiedourneed,wehavetoaskwhythematerialcould,howtosynthesisthematerialandhowtoimprovethepropertiesofthematerials.ThethreequestionsmayarisetheinterestingtostudytheSynthesismethod,

5、PropertiesandCompositionandStructureofmaterials.TherelationshipbetweenthefourpartsofMaterialsciencecanbeexplainedasfollowingpyramid:PropertiesWhichisincludinginMaterialProperties?ThePropertiesofmaterialincludemanyaspect,andthemainkindsofpropertiesarePhysic

6、alandchemicalProperties・ThechemicalpropertiesmaypaymoreattentionstotheReactionactivityandCorrosion.ThePhysicalPropertiesarelistedasbelow:mechanics;electricity,magnetismacoustics;optics;calorifics・4Whatismetalmaterial?Thematerialwhichismadeupofmetalelements

7、arecalledMetallicMaterials.ThematerialwhichisformedbymetalbondarecalledMetallicMaterials.HowtosortmetallicMaterials?ItisdifficulttosortmetallicMaterials,andwehavetousesimpledichotomytoclassmetallicMaterialsasFerrousmetalsandnonferrousmetals.Thenonferrousme

8、talsmeanthatthemaincompositeofmaterialsisnotFe,anditincludeCu,Zn,Ti,Al,Mganditsalloyetal.Theferrousmetalsmaybesortedasfollowing:l.Iron:includingbelow1）Wroughtiron（熟铁）2）Castiron（铸铁）3）Pigiron（生铁）4）Electrolytici