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ID:46254510
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时间:2019-11-22
《沥青路面水泥稳定就地冷再生基层质量检验评定标准》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、SixSigma六四格玛Apopularwayformanagerstoputqualitynieinagementintoeffect管理者有效实施质量管理的途径ThisisanapproachtoqualityimproveinentbasedonthestatisticalworkofJosephJuran,oneoftwoAmericanpioncersofqualitymanagementinJapanl>.SigmaisaGreekletterusedinmathematicstodenotestandarddeviation,astatisticalmea
2、sureoftheextenttowhichaseriesofnumbersorreadingsdeviatesfromitsmean.OneSigmaindicatesawideseatteringofthereadings.IfthemeanistherequiredqualitystandardofaparticularprocessorproducthenOneSigmaqualityisnotverygood.Thehigherthenumber,thecloserthereadingscometototalperfection.AttheSixSigmale
3、vel,thereareonly3.4defectspermillion.这一方法是由约瑟夫??朱兰的统计结论发展而来,朱兰是将质量管理理念引入日本的两位先驱者中的一员。西格玛(。)是一个希腊字母,表示数学里的标准差,即一系列数字偏离其均值的程度。一西格玛(。)就表示这些产品(流程)的质量不如人意。西格玛(。)的值越大,产品的合格率就越高。6西格玛(60)就表示次品率为3.4/10077oThismaysoundcomplicated,butinpracticeithasprovedapopularwayformanagerstoputqualitymanagement
4、intoeffect.Oneofitsgreatadvantagesisthatiteschewstheideaofaimingfor“zerodefects”,ortotalperfection—adauntinglyinaccessiblegoalformost.Itpresentsasystemforimprovingqualitygradually.Companiesoroperationalgroupsmovestep-by-stepuptheSigmaladder,theultimategoalbeingtoreachtheSixSigmastate—sti
5、l1justshortofperfection.Reasonablyunsophisticatedcomputerprogramsdothenecessarycalculationswhenfedwithdataonthegoals(thespecificstionsoftheperfectproductorprocess)andtheorganisation"sactualachievements.乍听起来似乎有些晦涩难懂,但实践证明这的确是管理者施行质量管理的一种有效途径。这种方法有一个重要的特征就是它并非追求产品一次性达到零缺陷或全部合格的水平,因为这儿乎是不可能
6、实现的。它追求的是产品质量的逐步提高,企业循序渐进地提高产品的西格玛值,最终达到6西格玛(。)的水平(但这也不代表所生产的产品全部合格)。他们将目标数据(合格产品的标准数据)和企业所生产岀的产品的实际数据输入电脑程序,得出最终结果。SixSigmasoundslikesomesortofsecretcoven.Itsadvocatesinsistthatitisnosuchthing.Butithascertainattributesoftheexclusivesocicty.Anyoneinanorganisationwhogoesonabasictrainingco
7、urseforaSixSigmaprogramme(andtrainingisessentialtoanunderstandingofwhatitisabout)iscalledaGreenBelt.Anyonewhoisgiventheful1-timejobofleadingatearnthatisembarkingonaSixSigmaexerciseisgivenfurthertrainingandiscalledaBlackBelt.Beyondthistherearcaspecialfewwhoarctrainedevenmo
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