国际贸易英文专业术语

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1、关键术语1・相互依赖Interdependence:The(economic)relationshipsamongnations,isgivenbytheratiooftheirimportsandexportsofgoodsandservices.2.国际贸易理论InternationalTradeTheory:Analyzesthebasisandthegainsfromtrade.3.国际贸易政策InternationalTradePolicy:Examinesthereasonsforandef

2、fectsoftraderestrictions英文阅读材料LGainsfromTradeLiberalizationFivemajorkindsofgainsfromfreetradecanbeidentified;however,thereisconsiderableoverlapamongthem.Thesegainscomefromunilateralpolicyshiftsaswellasfromtheliberalizationthattakesplacethroughregionaland

3、multilateralnegotiations.QuantitativeestimatesandfurtherelaborationofthegainsfromliberalizationwillbefoundinarecentOECDbook(1998b).StaticGainFreetradeallowscountriestoexportthosegoodsandservicesthatthe,canmakeefficiently,andtoimportthosegoodsandservicest

4、hatthey,makeinefficiently.'Efficiency"ismeasuredinrelativeterms,notinabsoluteterms.Forexample,whiletheUnitedStateshasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothaircraftandapparelbycomparisonwithChina-inthesensethattheUnitedStatesrequiresfewermanyearstoprodu

5、ceeitheracivilianairplaneoracontainerloadofbluejeansthanChina—bothcountriesgainwhentheUnitedStatesconcentratesitshigher-skilledworkforceonproducingandexportingaircraft,andChinaspecializesinproducingandexportingapparel.Thestaticgainsfromfreetrade—thegains

6、thatwouldcomefromthefreeexchangeofgoodsandserviceswheneachcountryusesthesametechnO1Ogvbeforeandafterfreetrade-aretypicallyestimatedatlessthantwopercentofGNP.InthecontextoftheUruguayRound,itwasroughlycalculatedthatthestaticgainsfromthenegotiatedreductioni

7、nindustrialtariffsandagriculturalbarrierswouldgrowtheglobaleconomybyabout$40billion,ofwhichabout$30billionwouldberealizedbyadvancedcountriesand$10billionbydevelopingcountries・Whiletheyarenottrivial,staticgainsalOnedonotmeasurethefullbenefitsofliberalizat

8、ion.ConsumerSavingsTraderesultsinlowerprices,enablingconsumerstobuymorewiththeirPaychecks.EstimatespublishedbytheInstituteforInternationalEconomicssuggestthattotallyfreemerchandisetradewouldsaveAmericanconsumersabout1.2%of