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1、外文翻译原文ForeigndirectinvestmentsandrelocationsinbusinessservicesMaterialSource:InstituteofEconomicsoftheHungarianAcademyofSciencesAuthor:MagdolnaSASSEastCentralEurope,andinsideit,Hungaryarelocations,whereespeciallystartingfrom2000,moreandmoreindependentbusinessservicesfirmsset
2、uptheiroperationsandmanybigmultinationalfirmsconcentratedtheirregional,Europeanorevenglobalservicecentrethere.Forexample,inHungaryexamplesincludeforthefirstgroupEDS,SAP,GenPact,DiageoandIBM.Asforthesecondgroup,amongothers,Alcoa,Vodafone,ExxonMobil,Avis,Cemex,GE,InBev,MorganS
3、tanley,Celanese,Lexmark,BritishTelecom,Vodafonerelocatedcertainregional,EuropeanorevenglobalservicefunctionstoHungary.Notonlythenumberofprojectsgrewsignificantly,buttherewerealsosomeverybigprojectsinvolved,employingthousandsofnewemployeesintheirnewlyopenedsites.(Seee.g.Gál(2
4、007),Sass(2008a)orSass(2008b))Inmanycases,theseservicefunctionsarerelocated,transferredfromother,usuallyWesternEuropeanlocations,causingwhitecollarjoblossesthere.Thisisonereasonwhythesemovementsfigurehighlyinthe(Western)media.Offshoreoutsourcingandoffshoringofserviceactiviti
5、esisnotanewphenomenon.(Metters,Verma,2007)Afterandparalleltooutsourcing/offshoringthelowandmediumskilledproductionprocessesinmanufacturing,startingmainlyfromthenineties,theoffshoringandoffshoreoutsourcingofcertainproductionprocessesofspecificservicesfromdevelopedtootherdevel
6、opedoremerging/developingcountrieshasstartedtobecomemoreandmorewidespread.(UNCTAD,2004)Theprocesshasbeeninducedbytechnologicaldevelopment–inmanyvariousways.Asaresultoftechnologydevelopments,thefragmentation,division,standardisation,algorithmsofservicesprocesses,evaluationofc
7、ertainserviceprocesselements,digitalisation,codingofinformationweremadepossible.Thisissimilartothefragmentationprocessinmanufacturing,butonthebasisofavailableevidence,thefragmentationcangodeeperinservicesprocesses.Aftersuchfragmentation,certainserviceprocessescanbeseparateda
8、ndtheycanbecarriedoutinlocationswhereitischeaper,moreefficient,orwhereitpro
