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1、Deposit沉积物Borrowpit取土坑Glacialdrift冰磧物Bedrock基岩Hydrological水文的Heave冰胀，隆起Reconnaissance踏勘，草测Reconnaissancephase踏勘阶段Locate定线，定位Overlay覆盖Profile纵断面；纵剖面图Plot绘图，规划Auger螺旋钻，钻具/用钻具钻Specification清单Contractor承包人，主约人Wind-blownmaterial风（积）化物Atintervals每间隔一段吋间LocationsurveyPreliminaryreconnaissance初勘Preliminary

2、locationFinallocationPlanesurveyOrient定向Feasible可行的Level水准仪；Transit经纬仪Tape卷尺Subsurface下层土面Subsurfaceexploration地卜勘查Excavation挖掘；挖土Embankment堤；筑堤Propertylines地界线Propertycorners地界标石Layout规划，设计Bench-marks水准基点，基准点，水准点fullscaletest足尺试验GeometricdesignofHighwaysGeometricdesign线形设计，几何设计Spiralcurve螺旋曲线Hazar

3、d危险，偶发事故Roadway彳亍车道，路面Grade坡度CivilEngineeringIncludebuildingsandhouses,dams（坝），tunnels（隧道）,bridges,canals（沟渠）,stationsystems,andstationary（静止的）partsoftransportationsystem—highways,airports,port（港口）facilities,androadbedsforrailroad（铁路路基）.sturdy结实的，坚固的trench沟，沟渠ditch沟渠mortar砂浆tamp夯实hard-packeddirt压紧或

4、夯实的土tampintoplace夯实到位pack压紧，夯实packingcourse填层packingdensity夯实密度wharf码头clearing空地grading土工修整feeder进料器outlying地处郊区的lane车道drivinglane行车道inside/outsidelane内（外）行车道entrance/exit入（出）口moisture湿度，潮湿soggy湿润的,湿透的drain排水drainpipe排水管drainagesystem排水系统surveyor勘测者，测量员culvert涵洞shoulder路肩seep渗漏constructioncrew施工队fi

5、llingmaterials填料CONC.混凝土R・C.钢筋混凝土AerialsurveyTopography地形学Topographic地形学上的，地貌的Topographical形地（貌）的Profilegrade纵断而坡度Gradecontrol坡度控制Gradeline坡度线，纵坡线Gradelength坡长Gradereduction坡度减小Minusgrade下坡，降坡Plusgrade上坡，升坡Levelgrade平坡Steepgrade陡坡Ascent上坡；升高度Tilt倾斜Dip倾角Planeview平血图Haul搬运，运土Terrain地面；地形Depression凹地，

6、洼地PavementdesignSection断面Crosssection横断面;断面图Subgrade路基；路基面；地基Surfacing路面；路面铺设Blading平路,整平Flatten压扁；整平Compact压实，夯实Cutbank挖坡，边坡Turf泥炭，草皮Earthfill填土Flexiblepavement柔性路面Rigid刚性的,坚硬的Deform变形Overstress应力过度Formation路基面;构造；构成Subbase底基层Basecourse下面层;基层Roadbase（道路）基层Surfacecourse表层Very-high-quality优质Excavate

7、挖掘，开挖Excavation挖掘，挖方Uppermostlayer最高层，表层Cutoffblanket隔水层，截水层Infiltration渗入，渗透Course-grained粗颗粒的Fine-grained细颗粒的Free-draining自由排水Duallayer双层MaterialsCement水泥Geotextile石灰石Marl泥灰岩；灰泥Fineness细度Specification规格，规