2019高考英语一轮达标 Unit 2 Cloning练题（含解析）新人教版选修8

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1、Unit2Cloning一、阅读理解。Ifyou'remakingdeterminationforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover(肠道清理)．Changingyourmicrobemunity(微生物群)，however,maynotbeeasy，andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That'sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients

2、.Soifthemicrobemunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample，itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobemunity.“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobemunitythatencountersthatfood，”

3、saidDrJeffreyGordon，theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout，”hesaid，“notjusttheoutsidein.”Oneofthequestionsthestudys

4、etouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatinghabits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans，transplantedthemintomicebredundergermfreeconditions，andthenfedthemiceeitherAmericanstyleorplantbaseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchanges

5、inthemice'smicrobemunities.Ofinterest，thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet，consumingabout3000caloriesaday，highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedchees

6、eandlunchmeat.Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhowerecalorierestricted.Theyatelessthan1800caloriesadayandhadcarefullytrackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears，stickingtoamostlyplantbaseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup，athirdfewercarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andonlyhalf

7、thefat.Thiscalorierestrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobemunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof“good”bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplantbaseddiet.“Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermi

8、crobemunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit，vegetables，wholegrains，andn