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1、定向滑动钻进控制新方法研究李智鹏易先屮2,陶瑞东尤军I张建荣许京国I(1.中国石油渤海钻探第三钻井公司天津大港300280;2.长江大学,湖北荆州434023)摘要:针对螺杆钻具在定向钻井过程屮由于井眼摩阻大所导致的工具面调整困难和滑动钻进托压问题,利用顶驱精确定位和左右旋转的特点,研究开发基于顶驱可编程控制器(PLC)和传感器于一体的滑动钻进控制系统。本文深入研究和分析了钻具滑动前后摩擦力的变化规律和控制扭矩旋转钻具减小井眼摩阻的方法。通过5个传感器的实时数据采集,依据定向工程师的经验和推理方法
2、,将其转换为计算机可以执行的控制程序,建立以PLC为核心的人机控制界面,PLC计算调整工具面所需的旋转角度,将工具面准确调整到设计的工具面角度;根据大钩悬重和压差AP判断托压,出现托压时PLC计算不改变工具面的旋转扭矩,以计算的扭矩为限值左右旋转钻具减小井眼摩阻,直到压差AP>0,解决滑动托压。研究表明,新方法能大幅减小井眼摩阻,提高机械钻速;其方法是目前解决螺杆钻具滑动钻进最有效的控制方法。关键词:滑动钻进工具面角度托压扭矩传感器控制系统中图分类号:TE文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-0890
3、(2014)03-NevvdirectionalslidedrillingcontrolsystemandcontrolapproachLiZhipeng1,YiXianzhong2,TaoRuidong1,YouJun1,ZhangJianrong1,XuJingguo1(1.ThirdDrillingCompany,BoHaiDrillingEngineeringCompany,PetroChina,Dagang,Tianjin,300280,China;2.YangtzeUniversity
4、,Jingzhou,HuBei,434023,China)Abstract:Usingscrewdrillduringdirectionaldrilling,duetothehighdragofthewellbore,aimingatadjustmentdifficultyoftoolfaceaswellasoffWOBprobleminslidedrilling,utilizingcharacteristicsofaccuratepositioningandleftandrightrotatio
5、nfromtopdrive,aslidedrillingcontrolsystembasedonthetopdrive'sprogrammablelogiccontroller(PLC)integratedwithsensorsisbeingresearchinganddeveloping.Aimingatthevariationofthefrictionaboutdrillstringinslidingbeforeandafter,aswellasthemethodofreducingwellb
6、oredragbycontrollingdrillstringrotarytorque,thispaperisconductedin-depthresearchandanalysis.Throughthereal-timedataacquisitionof5sensors,basedontheexperiencesandreasoningmethodsofdirectionalengineers,whichareconvertedtoasetofcontrolprogrambeingexecute
7、dbythecomputer,aman-machinecontrolinterfacewiththecoreofPLCistobebuilt.ThePLCcalculatestherotaryanglerequiredtobeadjustedthetoolfaceandthenthetoolfaceangleistobeaccuratelyadjustedtothedesigntoolfaceangle;Accordingtothehookweightanddifferentialpressure
8、todetermineoffWOB,ifitistrue,PLCcalculatestherotarytorquevaluewithoutmakingthechangesofthetoolfaceangleandthenthetopdriverotatesthedrillstringleftandrightbyusingcalculatedtorquevaluetoreducethewellboredraguntilthedifferentialpressureismorethan