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1、2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习语法部分第11讲特殊句式精品学案牛津译林版倒装句倒装有两种考法:1.放在单项选择题中,单纯考查考生的倒装是否熟练掌握;2.放在完形填空和阅读理解中,设置理解障碍。一、完全倒装将谓语动词全部提到主语之前。常见情况有:1.表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off等标志词放在句首,谓语动词多用be,e,go等。Theregoesthebell.Hereesthebus.Outrushedthechildren.Awaywenttheboy.【注意】当主语是人称代词时,主语语序
2、不变。Hereitis.Inshecame.Awayhewent.2.地点状语+谓语+主语;此时,地点状语为标志词,谓语动词为不及物动词。Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.Theyasktotakephotoswherestandsthetower.3.such,then,now,thus,thefollowing放句首时,谓语动词多为e,follow,begin,end,be。Sucharethefacts.Suchislife.Thefol
3、lowingistheanswertothequestion.Nowesyourturn.4.Therebe/lie/exist/stand/live+主语+…(therebe句型)Thereisatallbuildingonthetopofthemountain.Therestandsanancienttoweronthetopofthemountain.5.表语+系动词+主语;表语可以是介词短语,形容词或分词。【注意】若主语较长,可还原为正常语序即:主语+系动词+表语。PresentatthepartywereMr.Greenandmany
4、otherguests.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmen.Gonearethedayswhenweusedthe“foreignoil”.Infrontofthehouseisacow.6.用于以现在分词开头的句子中。Sittingaroundtheoldmanweresomechildrenfrombigcities.7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁!二、部分倒装将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。(通常可以还原为正常
5、的语序,并以此检验倒装句是否正确。)1.含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如:few,little,never,not,notuntil,nowhere,rarely,seldom,hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…(than)…,notonly…(butalso),atnotime,bynomeans等。Littledoesheknowaboutthenews.他对这消息知之甚少。Bynomeanscanhecatchupinsuchashorttime.他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。【特别提醒】①若原句中
6、没有助动词,必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does或did。Heisactiveinpersonality,andheseldomstaysindoors.(无助动词)Heisactiveinpersonality,andseldomdoeshestayindoors.(添加does)②notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将notonly所连接的句子提到句首时,才可用倒装,butalso后面的句子不倒装。Notonlychildrenbutalsoadultsareintereste
7、dinthefilmHarryPotter.(连接并列主语,不可倒装)③在“hardly/scarcely…when-从句”和“nosooner…than-从句”结构中,主句用过去完成时,而从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlygottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.HardlyhadIgottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.(注意谓语动词的形式)④notuntil提前时,必须将notuntil后面的全部内容提前,而不仅仅是notuntil这两个词。Thevillagersdidnot
8、realizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.Notuntilallth