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1、外文翻译原文ElectronicEvidenceMaterialSource:Archives&MuseumInformaticsAuthor:D.BearmanBytheendofthiscentury,mostbusinesscommunicationandmuchpersonalcommunicationwillbedigitizedandwillberecorded,stored,andtransmittedelectronically.Archivistswillhavetointerveneearlierinthelife-cycleofrecordsthanhasbeen
2、necessarytraditionallyandparticipateinthedesignofelectronicinformationsystems.Soundinformationpolicieswillutilizestandardsanddefinefunctionalrequirementsthatwillsupportarchivalneeds.Archivistsmustceasetreatingelectronicrecordsasspecialmediaandsupplementtheirstaffswithtechnicalspecialistswhohavet
3、herequisiteknowledgeofnetworks,dataprocessing,andsystemsmanagement.Theyshouldalsoexploitmetadatatoservenotonlyasatoolforcontrolandmigrationofdata,butalsoasafindingaidforaccesstoanduseofarchivalelectronicrecords.Metadatawillbeespeciallyusefulasarchivalprogramsshifttononcustodial,evidence-focused,
4、direct-to-clientservicedelivery.Thetransformationofmethodsofcommunications,whichbeganinthelastcenturywiththeintroductionofthetelegraphandthetelephone,hasbeenacceleratedanddeepenedinthepastdecadebythemarriageofcomputingandtelecommunicationsandtheintegrationofallformsofinformationindigitalrepresen
5、tations.Bytheendofthiscentury,wecananticipatethatmostbusinesscommunicationandmuchpersonalcommunicationwillbedigitizedandwillberecorded,stored,andtransmittedelectronically.Thiswillapplyequallytotext,image,sound,andmultimediaandwillbeasprevalentinthehomeasintheoffice.Archiveshaverespondedslowlytot
6、hesedramaticchangesandareonlynowformulatingsystematicprogramstoaddresselectronicrecords.Someoftheseprogramsaresimpleextensionsintotheelectronicrealmoftraditionalarchivalpracticeswhileothersreflectradicaldeparturesinphilosophy,programstructure,andstrategytowardstraditionalarchivalfunctions.Thisar
7、ticlereviewstherangeofprogramvariantsandcommentsonsometrendsandpromisinginnovations.7PROGRAMORIENTATIONANDPHILOSOPHYTraditionallyarchiveshavebeenseenascustodialrepositoriesforimportantrecords.Theyarewhattheycollect.Inthistra