第二讲句子结构

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1、Lecture2SentenceStructureContent1.Clauseelements句子成分1）主谓结构2）句子分析3）练习2.Basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion基本句型及其转换与扩大1）基本句型2）转换3）扩大4）练习1.ClauseElements1)Subject主语andPredicate谓语Thesubjectisthetopicorthemeofthesentence,whichtellsofwhatthesentenceisabout.theknowninformationan

2、ounphraseoranequivalentofnounphraseThepredicatesayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearsthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader.averbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementationDoublePredicate双重谓语－－双重谓语一般有两部分构成：即第一谓语和第二谓语两部分，都同时用来说明主语。第一谓语由实义动词或行为动词来充当，说明主语实施的某一特定的

3、动作和行为，第二谓语则有形容词、名词、－ING分词、－ED分词来充当，说明主语在实施某一特定的动作或行为过程中所具有的属性、特征或身份。1.ClauseElements2）句子分析－－剖析谓语的两种分析方法方法一：将谓语部分剖析为predicateverb谓语动词、object宾语、complement补语、adverbial状语（加主语构成分句的五个主要成分）方法二：将谓语剖析为Operator操作词＋predication述谓成分2.Basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion1）Basicclausety

4、pesIntermsofthedifferentcombinationsofclauseelements,Englishclausescanbeclassifiedintosevenbasictypes.Theseseventypesarewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause.SVC------linkingverbSV--------intransitiveverbSVO------mono-transitiveverbSVoO----di-transitiveverbSVOC----complextra

5、nsitiveverbSVA、SVOA2）Transformationdeclarativeclause－interrogativeclauseaffirmativeclause－－negativeclauseactiveclause－－－－passiveclauseThetransformationaddsvarietiestothebasicclausetypes.2.Basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion3)ExpansionThebasicclausetypesandtheirvariantsca

6、nbeexpandedthrough:theuseofmodifiers,coordination,andsubordination.Thecombinationoftheabovethreewayscancreatemorecomplicatedsentences.2.Basicclausetypesandtheirtransformationandexpansion1.WaldenPond,oncepraisedbyThoreauforitsnaturalbeauty,isnowthesiteofmanytouriststands.2.Almosteverysu

7、mmernightthecoolingnortheastwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,makingairconditioningunnecessaryandalightblanketwelcome./Sweepingthroughourbedroomwindowsalmosteverysummernight,thecoolingnortheastwindmadeairconditioningunnecessaryandalightblanketwelcome.3.Thesteepsurroundingslopes