定语从句 归纳

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1、定语从句（theattributiveclause）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二．定语从句的结构及种类1.结构：关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词：who，whom,whose,that,which,as2.关系副词：when，where，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六．关系词的用法1.who当先

2、行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who。TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选whom.ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose.Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksina

3、factory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that.另外，that可以省略。Ilikethepresent(that)myfathersentme.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoTheboytha

4、t/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.③当先行词被a

5、ll,some,any修饰时TheseareallthethingsthatIhavedonetoday.④当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.⑤当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.⑥time作先行词，前面有序数词或last修饰时ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.⑦尽管先行词指人，

6、但关系词在句中作表语时。Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedtobe20yearsago⑧以who开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground?⑨当先行词包括人和物时。7.下列情况下，关系词只能选which①在非限制性定语从句中。Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.②先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshispar

7、entshappy.③当先行词指物，用“介词+which”ThisisthepenwithwhichIoftenwrite.8.asAs引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As在句中作主语，宾语。①as单独引导定语从句。Asweallknow(=Asisknowntousall),YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.②thesame…as…与…一样Ihavethesameideaasyou.③such…as…和…一样Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’tunderstand

8、.④as…as…和…一样Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.9.where①当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选where，where=介词+whichThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.②尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.