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1、1XiamenandFujian(LonelyPlanet)IntroducingXiàménXiàmén,alsoknowntotheWestasAmoy,ranksasthemostattractivecityinFújiàn.Manyofitsoldcolonialbuildingshavebeencarefullyrestoredanditsclean,well-keptstreetsandlivelywaterfrontdistrictgiveitacaptivatingold-worldcharmrarelyseeninChinesecit
2、ies.AvisittoXiàménisn’tcompletewithoutastayonthetinyislandofGǔlàngYǔ,oncetheoldcolonialhomeoftheEuropeansandJapanese.ItsbreezyseasidegardensanddelightfularchitectureareoneofthehighlightsofvisitingFújiàn.Xiàménisunbearablyhotandhumidinthesummerandslightlycoolerinthewinter.Springa
3、ndautumnarewhentemperaturesareattheirbest,thoughfickleweathermeansrainanytimeofyear.HistoryXiàménwasfoundedaroundthemid-14thcenturyintheearlyyearsoftheMingdynasty.MingrulersbuiltthecitywallsandestablishedXiàménasamajorseaportandcommercialcentre.Inthe17thcenturyitbecameaplaceofre
4、fugefortheMingrulersfleeingtheManchuinvaders.XiàménandnearbyJīnménwerebasesfortheMingarmieswho,underthecommandofthepirate-generalKoxinga,hadastheirbattle-cry,‘resisttheQingandrestoretheMing’.ThePortuguesearrivedinthe16thcentury,followedbytheBritishinthe17thcentury,andlaterbytheF
5、renchandtheDutch,allofwhomattemptedratherunsuccessfullytoestablishXiàménasatradeport.Theportwasclosedtoforeignersinthe1750sanditwasnotuntiltheOpiumWarthatthetideturned.InAugust1841aBritishnavalforceof38shipscarryingartilleryandsoldierssailedintoXiàménharbour,forcingtheporttoopen
6、.Xiàménthenbecameoneofthefirsttreatyports.JapaneseandWesternpowersfollowedsoonafter,establishingconsulatesandmakingtheislandofGǔlàngYǔaforeignenclave.XiàménturnedJapanesein1938andremainedthatwayuntil1945.Gettingthere&awayLandBusDeluxeandeconomybusesleavefromthelong-distancebusst
7、ationandtheferryterminal.DestinationsincludeFúzhōu(Y68toY99,2½tothreehours),WǔyíShān(Y124toY202,ninehours),Quánzhōu(Y27toY37,1½hours)andShàntóu(Y100,fivehours).TherearealsoexpressbusestoGuǎngzhōu(Y200toY300,12hours),Shēnzhèn(Y180,ninehours),HongKong(Y300toY350,10hours)andShànghǎ
8、i(Y330toY413).BusesalsomaketripsinlandtoLóngyán
