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1、M5U1不定式与动名词一不定式动词不定式可以在句屮做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补。1.作主语cglTotakerollercoasteristerrible.eg2Todolikethatisfoolish•不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况卜,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句屮,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。fIt'sterribletotakerollercoastc匚”Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?不定式作主语常见句型:a)Itis+adj.(
2、easy,important,difficult-**)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one'sduty,ashame)+不定式eg3It'smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience,••)+不定式eg4Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.2.作表语当付了的主语是aim,ide
3、a,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。cglOurmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。eg2Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.3•作宾语Thecatsaid"Remembernottotakeitnexttime!二a)町以直接用不定式作宾语的动诃很多
4、,常见的有:agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等(2005年犬津卷12题)1don9twantlikePmspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager^planisunfair.A.tosoundB・tobesoundedC・soundingD.tohavesounded分析:答案Asound是系动词,意思为
5、“听起来”,不能用被动语态.注意:当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaste匚b)不疋式一般不作介词的宾语,只冇少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不宦式作宾语。•般怙:况下作介词宾语的不定式都帯to,如果but或except前的句了川•的谓语动词是实义动词do,does,did时,通常省略to。eglWehavenoc
6、hoicebuttowait・eg2Wecandonothingbutwait.4.宾语补足语在SVOC句型中,许多动词都nJ以按不定式作宾语补足语。a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,i
7、magine,prove等后血跟tobe…作宾补,不跟todo…eglTheybelievehimtobehonest.b)以下两类动词示跟不定式作宾补时不能带(o①一些表示"致使”意义的动词,如:let,have,make等②一些表示感觉的动诃,如:hear,feel,see,watch,notice等Don'tletthechildrentroubleyou.Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.但当这两类动词为被动态吋,不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上(OHisfathermadehimgo
8、tobedearly.—Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.5.作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:①能带不定式作宾语的动词,英同源名词口J以带不定式作定语。常见的冇attempt,decision,promise,plan等eglHehasn'tkepthispromi