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ID:41384283
大小:115.08 KB
页数:5页
时间:2019-08-23
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1、1.Targetcost=targetsellingprice–targetprofit=marketprice–desiredprofitmargin.2.costgap=estimatedcost–targetcost.3.TQM:①preventingcosts②appraisalcosts③internalfailurecosts④externalfailurecost4.Alternativecostingprinciple:①ABC(activitybasedcosting)②Targetcos
2、ting③Lifecycle④TQM5.Laspeyre=6.Paashepriceindex=7.Fisher=8.Timeseries:①trend②seasonalvariation:⑴加法模型sumtozero;⑵乘法模型sumto4③cyclicalvariation④randomvariation9.pricipalbudgetfactor关键预算因子:belimitedtheactivities10.budgetpurpose:①communication②coordination③compe
3、ltheplan④motivativeemployees⑤resourceallocation11.Budgetcommittee的功能:①coordinated②administration12.Budget:①functionbudget②masterbudget:1.P&L;2.B/S;3.CashFlow13.FixedBudget:不是在于固不固定,而是基于一个业务量的考虑,financailexpression.FlexibleBudget:包含了固定成本和变动成本,并且变动成本的变化是随着业务
4、量的变化而改变。14.FlexibleBudget的优点:①recognizedifferentcostbehavior.②improvequalityandacomparisonoflikewithlike③helpmanagerstoforecastcost,revenueandprofit.15.FlexibleBudget的缺点:1假设太简单。2需要更多的时间准备预算编制。16.Controllablecostisa“costwhichcanbeinfluencedby”itsbudgetholde
5、r.大部分的变动成本是可控的,non-controllablecost为inflation.17.BudgetBehavior:①participateapproach②imposedbudget18.payback投资回收期的缺点:①ignoreprofitability②thetimevalueofmoneyisignored3没有考虑项目后期带来的经济利益4arbitray武断19.payback投资回收期的优点:①easytocalculate②widelyuse③minimizetheeffect
6、oftheriskandhelpliqidity★如果在算投资回收期的时候,发生折旧,则需要加回折旧,因为折旧是非现金项目。20.(1+realinterstrate)*(1+inflationrate)=(1+nominalinterestrate)21.NPV=presentvalueoffuturenetcashflow–presentvalueofinitialcost22.永续年金=A/i23.每年的汇报是相同的就查看年金现值系数表,不同的就查看年金系数表。24.EAR=CAR=APR=(1+r/
7、n)n–1有效年利率25.IRR:(basedoncashflowanalysis)①IRR>costofcapital,NPV>0,worthtaking②IRR8、urrentstandard③idealstandard④attainablestandard28.Variance一.MaterialVariance⑴totalmaterialvariance=standardcost–actualcost⑵materialpricevariance=(standardprice–actualprice)*actualquantity⑶materialusagevarianc
8、urrentstandard③idealstandard④attainablestandard28.Variance一.MaterialVariance⑴totalmaterialvariance=standardcost–actualcost⑵materialpricevariance=(standardprice–actualprice)*actualquantity⑶materialusagevarianc
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