FinalLecture-PublishWebServer最后的演讲-发布Web服务器

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1、FinalLectureTheoriesofPostmodernSociety:SociobiologyStructuralismandPoststructuralismStructurationTheoryTheMcDonaldizationofSocietyThePostmodernConditionAFewWordsAboutSociobiologyDefinition:thestudyofthebiologicalbasesofhumanbehaviour,byvirtueofourbiologicalnatu

2、reandourevolutionaryhistory,iscommontoallsocietiesA“grandtheory”ofhumansocietyasbeingbasedonuniversalbiologicalandevolutionarytendenciesSociobiologistsexplainsocialorganizationintermsofbiologyratherthancultureLikefunctionalism,maypromoteinequalityandmaintenanceo

3、fstatusquoIntellectualRootsofSociobiologyBiologicalandzoologicalsciencesDarwinianprinciplesofnaturalselectionand“survivalofthefittest”Verypopulartheoryin1970’s-1990’sHasevolvedintocurrentevolutionarypsychology(i.e.P.Rushton,D.Kimura)EvenTalcottParsons’laterworkw

4、asmovingintothisarea.E.O.Wilsonazoologistwhoappliedfindingsfrominsectandanimalstudiestohumans“Sociobiology:theNewSynthesis”(1975)HumanraceaproductofevolutionInformationpassedongeneticallyOurgenesinteractwithourenvironmentandthisformsthebasisforsocialbehaviour,so

5、cialstructure,andsocietyNaturalselectionandevolution–themostadaptivegenesarepassedonRobinFoxandPhilippeRushtonRoninFoxsaysculturaldifferencesacrosssocietiesare“symbolicdisguises”Underneath,allhumanculturesbasicallythesame(i.e.socialstatus,incesttaboos)Difference

6、betweenhumanandanimalisthatwehavea“gene”forcultureCultureadaptiveforhumans“selfishgene”-tocompeteforresources,toreproduce–ispassedonButaltruism?–Rushtonsaysdevelopsoutof“groupneedformutualdefense”PostmodernismPostmoderntheorizinghastendencytowardrelativismandant

7、i-rationalismSomepostmodernthoughtanti-sociological(originatedwithNeitzsche’sideas)postmodernismrejectsideaofscientificexplanationofsocietyandideaofusingcommonprinciplestodescribesocietiesWehaveleftthemodern(capitalist)eraandhaveshiftedto“post-capitalist”eraPost

8、modernInfluenceonSociologyPostmodernismgreatimpactonsociologyRenewedefforttoshowtherearegeneraltrendsinhumanaction/behaviourthatexistacrossbothindividualandcollective