2012 statistics-a too for social research l

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1、IFC.QXD12/13/107:09PMPage2FREQUENTLYUSEDFORMULASCHAPTER2ProportionsProportionPs-PuZ1obtained2=f1Pu11-Pu2>Np=NCHAPTER9PercentageMeansf1X-X2%=ab*100Z1obtained2=12Nsx--x-CHAPTER3StandarddeviationofthesamplingdistributionforsamplemeansMeans2s2g1Xi2s=1+2Xx-x=NAN1-1N2

2、-1PooledestimateofpopulationproportionCHAPTER4NP+NP1s12s2StandarddeviationPu=N+N122s=g1Xi-X2StandarddeviationofthesamplingANdistributionforsampleproportionsCHAPTER5sp-p=1Pu11-Pu211N1+N22>N1N2ZscoresProportionsXi-X1Ps1-Ps22Z=Z1obtained2=issp-pCHAPTER7CHAPTER10Con

3、fidenceintervalforasamplemeanTotalsumofsquaressSST=aX2-NX2c.i.=XZab1N-1SumofsquaresbetweenConfidenceintervalforasampleproportionSSB=aN1X-X22kkPu11-Pu2Sumofsquareswithinc.i.=PZsANSSW=SST-SSBCHAPTER8DegreesoffreedomforSSWMeansdfw=N-kX-mDegreesoffreedomforSSBZ1obta

4、ined2=s>1N-1dfb=k-1Copyright2010CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart.Duetoelectronicrights,somethirdpartycontentmaybesuppressedfromtheeBookand/oreChapter(s).Editorialreviewhasdeemedthatanysuppressedcontentdoesnotm

5、ateriallyaffecttheoveralllearningexperience.CengageLearningreservestherighttoremoveadditionalcontentatanytimeifsubsequentrightsrestrictionsrequireit.IFC.QXD12/13/107:09PMPage3MeansquarewithinSlopeSSWg1X-X21Y-Y2MSW=b=dfwg1X-X22MeansquarebetweenYinterceptSSBa=Y-bX

6、MSB=dfbPearson’srFratiog1X-X21Y-Y2r=MSB23g1X-X2243g1Y-Y224F=MSWCHAPTER16CHAPTER11PartialcorrelationcoefficientChisquarer-1r21r2yxyzxz12ryx.z=fo-fe222x21obtained2=a21-ryz21-rxzfeLeast-squaresmultipleregressionlineCHAPTER12Y=a+bX+bX1122PhiPartialslopeforX1x2syry1-r

7、y2r12f=b=ababAN1s1-r2112Cramer’sVPartialslopeforX2x2syry2-ry1r12V=b=ababA1N21Minimumofr-1,c-122s1-r2212LambdaYinterceptE1-E2a=Y-b1X1-b2X2l=E1Beta-weightforX1CHAPTER13s*1b=bab11sGammayN-NBeta-weightforXsd2G=N+Nssd*2b=bab22sSpearman’srhoy6gD2Standardizedleast-squa

8、resregressionliner=1-sN1N2-12**Z=bZ+bZy1122CHAPTER14CoefficientofmultipledeterminationLeast-squaresregressionlineR2=r2+r211-r22y1y2.1y1Y=a+bXCopyright2010CengageLearni