建筑物的地震荷载及抗震设计(原文)

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1、EarthquakeLoads&EarthquakeResistantDesignofBuildingsAndrewKingStructuralEngineeringSectionLeaderBuildingResearchAssociationofNewZealand(BRANZ)Fax+6442356070Emaila.king@branz.org.nzAbstract:Theprimaryobjectiveofearthquakeresistantdesignistopreventbuildingcollapseduringearthquakesthusmi

2、nimisingtheriskofdeathorinjurytopeopleinoraroundthosebuildings.Becausedamagingearthquakesarerare,economicsdictatethatdamagetobuildingsisexpectedandacceptableprovidedcollapseisavoided.Earthquakeforcesaregeneratedbytheinertiaofbuildingsastheydynamicallyrespondtogroundmotion.Thedynamicna

3、tureoftheresponsemakesearthquakeloadingsmarkedlydifferentfromotherbuildingloads.Designertemptationtoconsiderearthquakesas‘averystrongwind’isatrapthatmustbeavoidedsincethedynamiccharacteristicsofthebuildingarefundamentaltothestructuralresponseandthustheearthquakeinducedactionsareableto

4、bemitigatedbydesign.Theconceptofdynamicconsiderationsofbuildingsisonewhichsometimesgeneratesuneaseanduncertaintywithinthedesigner.Althoughthisisunderstandable,andacommoncharacteristicofanynewchallenge,itisusuallymisplaced.Effectiveearthquakedesignmethodologiescanbe,andusuallyare,easil

5、ysimplifiedwithoutdetractingfromtheeffectivenessofthedesign.Indeedthehighlevelofuncertaintyrelatingtothegroundmotiongeneratedbyearthquakesseldomjustifiestheoftenusedcomplexanalysistechniquesnorthehighlevelofdesignsophisticationoftenemployed.Agoodearthquakeengineeringdesignisonewhereth

6、edesignertakescontrolofthebuildingbydictatinghowthebuildingistorespond.Thiscanbeachievedbyselectionofthepreferredresponsemode,selectingzoneswhereinelasticdeformationsareacceptableandsuppressingthedevelopmentofundesirableresponsemodeswhichcouldleadtobuildingcollapse.1.EarthquakeDesign-

7、AConceptualReviewModernearthquakedesignhasitsgenesisinthe1920’sand1930’s.Atthattimeearthquakedesigntypicallyinvolvedtheapplicationof10%ofthebuildingweightasalateralforceonthestructure,applieduniformlyuptheheightofthebuilding.Indeeditwasnotuntilthe1960’sthatstronggroundmotionaccelerogr

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