09-Electrons in Atoms

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents9-1ElectromagneticRadiation（电磁辐射）9-2AtomicSpectra（原子光谱）9-3TheBohrAtom（玻尔原子）9-4TwoIdeasLeadingtoaNewQuantumMechanics（导致新量子论的两个思想）9-5WaveFunctionsforHydrogen9-6QuantumNumbersandElectronOrbitals（量子数和电子轨道）Chapter9:ElectronsinAtoms9-7El

2、ectronConfigurationsinatoms第九章：原子中的电子9-8ElectronConfigurationsandthePeriodicTable（电子排布与周期表）化学化工刘巍Slide1of62化学化工刘巍Slide2of629-1ElectromagneticRadiation（电磁辐射）EMRadiation（电磁辐射）•Electricandmagneticfieldspropagate（传播）aswavesLowνthroughemptyspaceorthroughamedium.•A

3、wavetransmitsenergy.Highν化学化工刘巍Slide3of62化学化工刘巍Slide4of621Chemistry140Fall2002Frequency,WavelengthandVelocityElectromagneticSpectrum频率，波长，速度•Frequency(ν)inHertz—Hzors-1.•Wavelength(λ)inmeters—m.•cmµmnmÜpm(10-2m)(10-6m)(10-9m)(10-10m)(10-12m)•Velocity(c)—2.997

4、925×108ms-1.c=λνλ=c/νν=c/λ化学化工刘巍Slide5of62化学化工刘巍Slide6of62ROYGBIVConstructiveandDestructiveInterference（干涉）RedOrangeYellow700nmGreen450nmBlueIndigoVioletPrentice-Hall©2002GeneralChemistry:Chapter9Slide8化学化工刘巍Slide7of62化学化工刘巍Slide8of622Chemistry140Fall2002Refr

5、actionofLight（光的反射）化学化工刘巍Slide9of62化学化工刘巍Slide10of629-2AtomicSpectra（原子光谱）AtomicSpectra（原子光谱）化学化工刘巍Slide11of62化学化工刘巍Slide12of623Chemistry140Fall2002AtomicSpectra（原子光谱）9-3TheBohrAtomBohr：aDanishphysicistInthevisibleregion.thespectrumofHconsistsofaλ：　410.17，434

6、.05，486.13，656.28nmstronglineat656.28nmfollowedbysuccessivelyν×1014：7.316.916.174.57weakerlines,closerandclosertogether,atlowerwavelengths:n：6543λ：　410.17，434.05，486.13，656.28nm1511ν×1014：7.316.916.174.57ν=3.289×10（－）22n2化学化工刘巍Slide13of62化学化工刘巍Slide14of629-3T

7、heBohrAtomEnergy-LevelDiagram（能级图）-RHE=n2RH=2.179×10-18J-RH-RH∆E=Ef–Ei=2–2nfni11=RH(–)=hν=hc/λn2n2if化学化工刘巍Slide15of62化学化工刘巍Slide16of624Chemistry140Fall2002IonizationEnergyofHydrogen（氢的电离能）BohrModel评价111)玻尔理论成功地解决了以下问题：∆E=RH(–)=hνn2n2•a.氢原子光谱为什么是线状光谱？（能级是不连续的）

8、if•b.氢原子光谱的细节问题：巴尔麦系（n=2）拉曼系（n=1）Asngoestoinfinityforhydrogenstartinginthegroundstate:11f泊邢系（n=3）11hν=RH(2)=RH•c.不同的原子光谱不同的原因（能级不相同）niThisalsoworksforhydrogen-likespeciessuchasHe+andLi2+.