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1、PROBABILISTICANALYSISOFSOIL-DIAPHRAGMWALLFRICTIONUSEDFORVALUEENGINEERINGOFDEEPEXCAVATION,NORTH/SOUTHMETROAMSTERDAM123StefanM.Buykx,StevenDelfgaauw,JohanW.Bosch1,2North/SouthlineConsultants,Witteveen+Bos,P.O.Box12205,1100AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands3DelftUniversityofTechnology,P.O.Box5048,2600GSDe
2、lft,TheNetherlandsKeywords:diaphragmwallfriction,verticalstabilityofdeepexcavation,probabilisticanalysisINTRODUCTIONTheexcavationofdeepbuildingpitsoftenrequiresacheckagainstfailurebyupliftoflowpermeabilitygroundlayersbelowexcavationlevel.Whenevertheweightofthesesoillayersislessthanthepore-water
3、pressureunderneath,measurestoresistbuoyancyaretobeconsidered.Themeasuresmostcommonlyadoptedinclude:decreasingthewaterpressurebydrainage,anchoringanunderwaterconcreteslabintheunderlyingstrataorexecutingtheexcavationinapressurisedworkingchamber.Thispaperdiscussesacasestudyinwhichitwasshownsuccess
4、fullythatsidewallfrictiontoocancontributesignificantlytotheverticalstabilityofadiaphragmwalleddeepexcavation.Thesafetyagainstfailurebyupliftisdemonstratedthroughprobabilisticanalysisofallrelevantparameters.Theprojectpresentedisthetop-downconstructed,upto31mdeepbuildingpitofCeintuurbaanStation,A
5、msterdam,TheNetherlands.Inthedeepestexcavationstageofthispitthesoilweightandupliftforcewouldnotbalance.Asdewateringorothermeasuresweredeemednotfeasible,thedeepestpartoftheexcavationandtheconstructionofthebottomslabwereinitiallydesignedtotakeplaceundercompressed-air.However,aconsiderablereductio
6、nofcostandconstructiontimewasachievedafterextensiveanalysisofthefrictionbetweensoilanddiaphragmwallsprovedthatthepressurisedexcavationcouldbelimited.ValueengineeringAirGround+AirGround+Friction≥≥≥≥≥≥FGGPore-pressurePore-pressurePPFigure1-Compressed-airorD-wallfrictiontosecureverticalequilibrium
7、1ScopeFollowinganintroductiontotheprojectandcasestudy,thispaperwillcompriseinsubsequentsections:•verificationoffailurebyupliftforadeepexcavation•analysisofdiaphragmwallfriction,focusingonthecalculationofhorizontalstressesafterexca
