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1、JournalofPhonetics(1997)25,233–253MajortrendsinvowelsysteminventoriesJean-LucSchwartz,Louis-JeanBoe¨,NathalieValle´eandChristianAbryInstitutdelaCommunicationParle´eCNRSUPRESA5009,INPG—Uniyersite´StendhalINPG,46Ay.Fe´lix-Viallet,38031GrenobleCedex1,FranceReceiyed30thAu
2、gust1995,andinreyisedform21stJanuary1997Thesearchforuniversaltendenciesinthelanguagesoftheworldisanecessaryanchorpointforanytheoreticalapproachtophonetics.Thepresenttypologyofvowelsystemsaimstoprovidematerialfortestingsubstance-basedtheories,including,amongothers,theD
3、ispersion-FocalizationTheoryofvowelsystemspresentedinacompanionpaper(Schwartz,Boe¨,Valle´e&Abry,thisissue).Itisfocusedontheeconomyofvowelsystems,specificallythewayasystemofvowelsfunctionsasawhole,andthewayvowelsinteractwithinagivensystem.TheUPSID(UCLAPhonologicalSegmen
4、tInyentoryDatabase,Maddieson,1984)inventoryisanalyzedusinganoriginalmethodology,withthefollowingmainresults.1.Vowelsystemsfirstexploita‘‘primary’’systemofsounds;withmorethan9vowels,thereisacleartrendforexploitingatleastonenewdimension(‘‘secondary’’systems).2.Primarysys
5、temsmainlycontain3to9vowels,andsecondarysystems1to7vowels,bothwithapreferencefor5vowels.3.Inbothprimaryandsecondarysystems,vowelsaremainlyconcentratedattheperiphery.Forperipheralsystems,symmetry(samenumberoffrontandbackvowels)istherule;ifthereisanasymmetry,thenumberof
6、frontvowelsisgenerallygreaterthanthenumberofbackvowels.4.For‘‘interior’’vowelsinprimarysystems,centralvowelsarepreferred;amongnon-centralvowels,frontroundedvowelsaretwiceasfrequentasbackunroundedones.5.Schwaisthepreferredinteriorvowel,anditdoesnotseemtointeractwithoth
7、ersoundswithinvowelsystems.Ö1997AcademicPressLimited1.IntroductionThesearchforuniversaltendenciesinthelanguagesoftheworldisanecessaryanchorpointforanytheoreticalperspectiveinphonetics.Thisapproachassumesthedefinitionofphonologicalorphonetictaxonomies,determiningthebasi
8、cphoneticstructures,andestablishingthecriteriathatenableanewsystemtobeassociatedwithoneortheotherstructure.Thetaxonomicappro
