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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题Section1UseofEnglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho 1 inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe 2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3) alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe 4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid ,5) anaverageguy,up6 )thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation 7) GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle 8) tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas 10)hadapresidentorvice-presidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacter,ora(12)ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.JoebasedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portrayedthemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A]actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]broughtback [D]passeddown9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary [B]bythismeans [C]fromtheoutset [D]atthatpointSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1that nowadayshomework_____.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents_____.[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____. [A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe______.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolor,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreate“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood [B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C]Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_____.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecadesby2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.” Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.companiesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthedots’,explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.ItcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike_____A.theirexecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatentableD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.Thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat_____A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovationD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.AccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor_____A.establishingdiseasecorrelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat_____A.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernD.lawyerswerekeentoattendconventions35.Generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis_____A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,Itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromour nationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem---especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlywillreshapeit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”（Line1,Para.2）theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto____.[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovernment[B]explorereasonsfortheunemployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheirlifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms[D]easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto_____.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis_____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial [D]destructivePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishthepowerofself-help,ofpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,”wroteSmiles.”whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself”HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing;itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs. [A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassical heroes. 41.Petrarch [B]highlightedthepublicgloryofthe leadingartists. 42.NiccoloMachiavellli [C]focusedonepochalfigureswhose lives werehardtoimitate. 43.SamuelSmiles [D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstanding thegreatmeninhistory. 44.ThomasCarlyle [E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestory ofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle. 45.MarxandEngels [F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryfor successfulleaders. [G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineer industrialistsandexplorers. SectionIII Translation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour translationon ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekindofworkers thatcountrieslikeBritain,Canada and Australiatrytoattractbyusingimmigration rulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountries areparticularlylikelytoemigrate.A big surveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004 foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-school education,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"brain drain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurts theireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhave taughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIV WritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyou bought fromanonlinestoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecenterto 1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.48、writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查 年龄 -------满意度 满意 不清楚 不满意 小于等于40岁 16.7% 50.0% 33.3% 41-50岁 0.0% 36.0% 64.0% 大于50岁 40.0 50.0% 10.0% 完形填空1.Bserved 2.Bcommon 3.Abore 4.Anecessities 5.Cbut6.Dagainst 7.Ameaning 8.Ahandedout 9.Cmade 10.Dneither11.Ddistinguished 12.Bcollection 13.Cinterviewed 14.Dhuman15.Cpatrolled 16.Aparalleled 17.Cemphasized 18.Cfragments19.BTo 20.Datthatpoint 完形填空分析英语（二）大纲指出，完形填空文章字数大约是350个词，比英语（一）的文章字数240-280词要多，字数多也就意味着给出了更多的已知线索来搜寻未知信息，所以考生理解起来更顺畅、做起题来更轻松。考察的单词主要是常用词的基本用法，因此难度应该略低于英语（一）的完型填空文章。 词汇辨析题包括意近词、形近词和词义理解三种。如完型填空第4题，根据of结构后面的foodandshelter，选择necessities，其他几次单词意思有些都比较接近，但都没有衣食住行等生活必需品的含义。第11题四个选项都是dis开头的单词，长的很像，根据空格后careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops，联系文章主题说他曾经是个战争英雄，选择distinguished。词义题解题有一个好办法是褒贬含义解题法，如第18题，冒号有解释说明的作用，再根据上下文thedirtandexhaustionofwar,……coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep等关键字均为贬义词，迅速判断illusions作为答案。词汇搭配题包括两种，一个是固定搭配，看到什么选什么，比如完型填空第5题，还有一种是词汇搭配，在完形填空中考的较多，做题的方法是分析句子内部主谓宾的搭配词哪一个更适合，或者根据上下文进行推断，还有一个方法是采取复现法，重复的单词往往是正确答案。如完形填空第2题，是一个修饰性搭配，选项四个形容词都可以修饰man，从后面的句子中可以看出GI.Joe这个人小时候出生在普通人家里，最后成了英雄，因此选择common，而且这个词汇commonname在下文中重复出现过。第3题是一个动宾搭配，需要选择及物动词，根据空格后的burdens，选择bear的过去式bore。 TEXT1：21.Aisreceivingmorecriticism22.Cmayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework23.Adiscouragestudentsfromdoinghomework24.Bitcountsmuchinschooling25.DAFaultyApproachtoHomeworkTEXT2：26.Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood27.BBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls28.Athemarketingofproductsforchildren29.Cclassifyconsumersintosmallergroups30.Cmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenTEXT3：31.Cgenestobepatentable32.Bonlyman-madeproductsarepatentable33.Aestablishingdiseasecorrelations34.Dgenepatentingwasagreatconcern35.Dobjective TEXT4：36.Dlookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.Dreconsidertheirlifestyle38.Bbringoutmoreevilsofhumannature39.Drecovermorequicklythantheothers40.Bpositive 新题型：41.Aemphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.42.Fdismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.43.Gdepictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.44.Cfocusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.45.Eheldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.阅读理解分析今年是英语二考试的第三年，通过最近几年的题目，笔者总结一下英语二阅读方面的一些特点： 1选材思路： 从最近几年的真题中明显看出经济学占据有举足轻重的地位，最近三年中每一次四篇文章中都有两篇是和经济学相关的。2010年第一篇考了艺术品市场拍卖的波动和第三篇人们的喜好和企业市场营销的关系；11年考察了第一篇外部董事对于企业运作的作用和第四篇欧盟如何应对债务风波；今年第二篇又考察了人们对颜色的喜爱还是和企业的营销相关以及第四篇如何在失业率上升中见到忧中之喜。其实仔细研读就会发现，大纲对于英语二的要求是考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料，题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。在大纲中，经济学就是摆在第一位的，我相信对于考MBA相关专业的考生至少在背景常识方面会具有一定的优势，而对于很多艺术类考生则是很不利的。因此希望考生平时还是要多注重积累一些经济学方面的常识，对于英语二的阅读是大有裨益的。 2文章结构： 对于文章的结构，考生要注意学会识别主题和支持性细节的结构关系，常见的主要有三大类：例证、对比和因果关系。这三种论证方法又以对比最难理解，而对比恰恰使我们考研最喜欢考察的一种结构。这里稍微分析一下，考研中的对比还分成两大类：第一种比较常见的是大众对作者观点的对比，因为我们考试的文章几乎都选在西方的报刊杂志，所以为了吸引读者的眼球，作者的观点一定是匪夷所思的，比如今年阅读的第四篇文章第一段就讲述经济衰退了，失业只是刚刚开始，大众一定认为经济衰退和失业率的上升一定是不好的，可是第二段开始就话锋一转讲述他也能重塑我们的政治、文化甚至是社会特点，第三段更进一步论述我们还能从经济衰退中找到好的东西，明显和我们的固定思维是相反的。因此考生读文章千万不能带着主观臆断去读，要以旁观者的立场来看待文章。又如第二篇文章一开头说女孩子钟情粉红色，然后分析大众认为的原因DNA相关，但紧接着马上否定这个观点，最后引述还是和企业的市场营销相关联。第二种是正反对比，就是对于同一个事物或者社会现象会分成两类人的观点，一类支持的，一类反对的，还有要关注作者观点。例如今年阅读的第三篇关于分离DNA的专利授权问题。文章一开始先引述BIO人员的观点，他们都是支持授权的；从第三段开始接着引述反对这的观点以及为什么反对的原因；最后用例子说明当前的社会争议问题。考生在阅读考研文章的时候一定注意对比关系，才能正确理解文章的主旨大意。 3考点分布： 目前英语二主要就是考察主题和细节。 先说主题。第一种考察就是直白的主题题型，如“mainlyabout”或者“besttitle”，这类题目考生只要把握住核心概念，选项中必须出现核心概念，例如今年的第25题，通篇文章核心就是在阐述homework，首先就在选项找核心概念，这样就能排除两个，接着关注细节不能出现，关于问题是最后第二段的细节，而且通篇文章都在批判L.A. Unified改变回家作业的方法，所以答案就很明确了。第二种比较含蓄。例如最近几年推理判断题型较多，其实很多推理判断考生不知道如何取舍，更多时候还是考察主题。依然以今年真题为例，例如第二篇的第28题对应原文的第三段核心就是营销，第29题和第30题对应第四段主题要把受众分类以期获得更大的利润。 其次就是大量的细节定位。第一种考察方法就是PartA当中的细节事实题，这是占据比重最大的一种题目，考生只要返回原文定位，然后同义替换就能找出正确答案。如第一篇第22题，根据题干中rule以及because定位在原文二段首句，读懂“…completingtheirhomework”就是选出对应的完成作业作为正确答案。第二种就是英语二的PartB部分，今年和2011年一样考察的是配对题，而且今年比去年更简单，因为5个题干基本和原文顺序保持一致，根据大写字母定位，找出每个人的观点，然后连线。唯一的难点就是文中没有出现45中的MarxandEngels，但根据音译考生也猜得出这两个应该是马克思和恩格斯，就能对应到原文的CommunistManifesto《共产党宣言》，我们从小就学过这是现代共产主义学说发展史上的第一步经典，有马克思和恩格斯合著。我想只要定位定准，这部分考生都应该能获得不错的成绩。 年年岁岁文不同，岁岁年年题相似。事实上，考研有时候连词都一样，例如今年第四篇第36题考察了“silverlinings”这个词，其实这个词组在2004年的英语一中曾经就作为过考点，这句话出处是“Everycloudhasasilverlining”每一片乌云背后总有一丝光芒，可以引申为新东方的名言：学会从绝望中寻找到希望，这样本题的答案就一目了然了。考生只有好好把握历年真题，吃透精髓，才能在考场上立于不败之地。翻译当发展中国家的人们开始为移民担心时，他们关注的是在发达国家的硅谷、医院和大学里的最光辉灿烂的前景。诸如英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家试图通过向大学毕业生倾斜的优惠移民政策来吸引这些员工加入。很多研究显示，发展中国家的那些受过良好教育的人们都倾向于移居国外。2004年对印度家庭的一项大型调查显示，同近3.3%的年龄超过25岁的印度人相比，约40%的移民拥有高中以上学历。穷苦国家的人才流失一直以来就让政策制定者伤透脑筋。他们担心这会使他们失去他们急需的高级技工，从而损害国民经济。这些技工本可以在国内大学教书，在医院救人，为工厂研发更好的产品。 Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates. 发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。 Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向。2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育。“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品。翻译答案及解析 2012年考研英语（二）文章出自著名杂志“TheEconomist”2011年5月26日文章“DrainorGain” （原文详见http://www.economist.com/node/18741763），主要讲发展中国家人才流失问题。根据文章出处和文章内容，我们首先提醒诸位考生如下一些问题：1.考研英语（二）考题虽然比英语（一）简单，但其依然是原版杂志的地道英语，出题人仅作些许改动，也就是说，其难度也不可小视，并非像很多同学想像的没有生词的初高中水平文章。2.虽然出自原版杂志，其词汇量依然控制在四六级范围之内，甚至基本都是四级中的基础词汇，的确不算太难。3.不是说要求考生平时一定多读原版杂志（能读懂当然可以，读不懂没必要硬来），而是说一定要注意英语基本功，熟悉英语基本词汇。下面就今年考题的具体问题跟大家探讨一下： 一、长句解读 考研英语（二）重心的确不是长句解读，但从2010年到今年没有一年不涉及长句解读，而且至少40%左右是长句。事实上，只要读英语，都离不开长句，英语本来就是长句居多的语言。今年考题的开篇第一句和第二句都是较长的复合句。第二段的第二句“Abigsurvey…overtheageof25.”还是一个涉及省略结构的复杂句。文章的最后一句则是一个带有很长定语从句的复杂句。就这两年的考试趋势看，英语（二）的复杂句大致有两个复杂之处：从句和非谓语。建议考生一定要对这两个方面的语法知识好好地进行复习。 二、词性搭配 考研英语（二）的考生之所以读不懂原文，还有一个很关键的问题就是词性之间的搭配和修饰关系搞不懂。例如，今年考题中，第一段第二句话中间的privilege这个单词是定语从句中间的动词，很多考生花费很大力气，好不容易把这个单词背下来了，但只背了名词，因此把这个单词解读为“优越性”，从而导致句子读不懂。如果考生能够了解该词前面的that是定语从句连词，从句中需要有动词，就会自然而然地把该词的词性判别出来，也就不会导致误读。建议大家平时学习要注重语法中各词性的识别以及配合关系，并且认知加以练习，这种困难便会逐渐被排除。 三、专有名词 考研英语（一）是科技英语，特别注重专有名词，而英语（二）的科技成分减少，导致很多同学忽视专有名词，但是我们可以发现，包括样题在内，三年的真题从来没有完全摒弃专有名词，如2010年的sustainability（可持续性），2011年的greenhouse（温室），以及今年的braindrain（人才流失）等。不过，我们又发现，与英语（一）相比较，这些词科技化的程度并不高，顶多算科普词汇，只要平时常读英语，这些词是屡见不鲜的。因此，建议大家平时加大英语的阅读量，加大阅读题材的广泛性，并做个有心人，随时随地记录相关的科技词汇。这样，日积月累，遇到这些词汇也就不怕了。小作文范文：（该题被新东方名师屠皓民直接命中） DearSirorMadame, Asoneofyourregularcustomers,Iamwritingtocomplainaboutthepoorqualityoftheelectricdictionarypurchasedinyouron-linestorethatenjoysyearsofreputation. ThedictionaryisreallyofgreatimportanceintheprocessofmyEnglishlearning.Unfortunately,Ifoundthatthereareseveralproblems.Tobeginwith,thedictionaryoperatedwellatfirst,buttenyearslateritbegantomakealotofnoisewhenopened.Inaddition,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.Istronglyrequestthatyoucaneithersendmeanewoneorrefundmemymoneyinfull. Ireallyappreciateallyourassistanceinthismatter.Ifyouhaveanyproblem,don'thesitatetocontactme.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.Yourstruly,ZhangWei大作文范文（屠皓民版）：Thetableabovegivestheinformationaboutthesurveyofemploymentsatisfactioninacompany.Aftercarefullystudyingthedatainthetable,wemaysafelyconcludethatthepercentageofpeopleunder40whoholdunclearordiscontentfeelingwiththeirjobsarerespectively50%and33.3%.64%ofthose between40to50arenotsatisfiedandnoonefeelsatisfiedatallwhilethedegreeofsatisfaction,forpeopleover50,largelyexceedstheothergroups,amountingto40%.Agreatmanyreasonsmighthavecontributedtothedifferences,andhereIwouldliketolaystressonthefollowingtworeasons.First,owingtotheenormouspressurefromsupportingthefamily,theenjoymentinworkformiddle-agedpeoplehasobviouslydecreased.Inaddition,sincetheseniorshavedevelopedalotinpersonalitythroughthepreviousworkingexperience,theycankeepapositiveattitudeandseetheoptimisticrespectsofthework.Takingalltheaboveanalysisintoconsideration,wecansafelyreachaconclusionthattheseniorshavemoresatisfactionandenjoymentintheworkthantheyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleunder50. 作文分析总体来说，考研的写作是语言考试，不是考察学员的分析判断，也不是逻辑推理，仅针对语言本身评分。所以，考生要关心的不是写作内容，而是语言。语言美丽，内容空洞，不会太多影响你的成绩单。即，考察的是howtosay，而不是whattosay。说直接点，礼品包装的重要性大于礼品的内容。所以，当周围的人都在忙于思考文章内容的时候，你应当考虑如何重组现有模板，写一篇迎合考官需要的文章。 第二，影响你分数的是：错误，还是错误。较多考生过于专注于内容的充实和句子的美丽，或者套用很多难词难句，但忘了一个前提，错误的多少决定了你是否及格。边际成本和机会成本的产生是不必要的，你需要的是过关，拿高分冲难度往往会留下很多不可饶恕的错误。这些错误包括：拼写错误，主谓一致问题，单复数问题，时态问题。这些都是基本的难以原谅的错误。你是要过关，还是要高分，这是进入考场前事先想好的，如果是二选一的话。分数高低伴随风险高低，这成正比。你的能力极限是什么，哪些难的句子和词语是超出你能力范围的，最后，你到底是要过关还是要高分，这是问题。 第三，具体来说，第一篇小作文，投诉信，可以模板对之，小作文大致就几个板块：离开类（含请假缺席类），告知重大事件类，投诉类，道歉类，其实学过BEC商务英语的学生可能会发现，这些内容和BEC中级第一篇相似；第二篇，不同年龄阶段员工满意度表的分析。基本结构，第一段表述图，第二段分析，第三段看法或者总结。如何分析这个图，不重要，重要的是无错的相关语言表述。请记住，考官只有一分多钟的阅卷时间，大多数的评分项目集中在错误量和语言的变化。相信在新东方学习过的学员，大多能成功的应用现有思维模板组合成一片合格的文章。 模板虽然不能让学员拿到高分，但是合格和较高分数是没问题的。关键是如果重新组合模板，这得靠平时练习和培训老师的指导了。 第四，语言的变化是高分的重要条件。英语是讲变化的，如，这次作文里“满意”这个词的出现频率会较高，所以尽可能变化一下说法，satisfied,content,behappywith等等。用词用句的难易不是关键，重要的是多变化。这一点，是大多以语言为主考试中比较看重的，diversifiedexpression，在专八，雅思，BEC等考试评分项目里都有专门说明。 最后卷面的整洁比很多人想象的重要，这直接影响考官的第一主观判断。 总之，研究生入学考试中，把英语看为研究生学习和研究的必备工具，所以也把它作为一个比较重要的筛选考试项目，同时其科学性和出题思路的连贯一致性是必须坚持的，这也为广大考生提供了一个机会：发现考试规律。应在日常的训练中培养这种思维习惯。在老师的指导和考生的刻苦练习下，希望大家能取得理想的成绩。
