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ID:40637870
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时间:2019-08-05
《国际贸易的基本理论1》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、国际贸易的基本理论国际贸易产生的原因Reasonsforinternationaltrade1)ResourcereasonsFavorableclimaticconditionsandterrain(地形)NaturalresourcesSkilledworkersCapitalresourcesFavorablegeographiclocationandtransportcosts2)Economicreasons※Absoluteadvantage绝对优势——byAdamSmithsinTheWe
2、althofNations(1776)亚当·斯密《国富论》(简称)AnInquiryIntotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations国民财富的性质和原因的研究》(全称)Heassumedthateachcountrycouldproduceoneormorecommoditiesatalowerrealcostthanitstradingpartners.Itthenfollowsthateachcountrywillbenefitfromspecialization
3、inthosecommoditiesinwhichithasan“absoluteadvantage”,exportingthemandimportingothercommoditieswhichitproducesatahigherrealcostthandoesanothercountryComparativeadvantage(比较优势)-byDavidRicardoinPrincipleofPoliticalEconomy(1871)大卫·李嘉图(1772-1823)英国著名经济学家,是最早使经
4、济学系统化的思想家。其代表作为《政治经济学及赋税原理》。他进一步发展了亚当·斯密的“地域分工论”,提出了以“比较成本学说”为核心的国际贸易理论。他的这一理论及其以后对该学说的补充、发展,被称为“国际贸易纯粹理论”或“一般理论”。Mainpoint:Acountryshouldmaketheproductthatyieldsitthegreatestadvantageortheleastcomparativedisadvantage两利之中选其重,两害之中选其轻3)※Politicalreasons:Po
5、liticalobjectivescansometimesoutweigh(在重要性上超过)economicconsiderationsbetweencountries.Onecountrymighttradewithanothercountryinordertosupportthelatter’sgovernmentwhichupholdsthesamepoliticaldoctrine(教条,学说).一、国际贸易(internationaltrade)的含义:从国际的角度来看,商品与服务的对外交换活
6、动就是国际贸易。1986年开始的GATT乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判,将国际贸易的涵义扩展为货物进出口、技术贸易和服务贸易三大内容.二、国际贸易实务的概念:国际贸易实务,或称进出口贸易实务,是一门专门研究国际间货物买卖的有关理论和实际业务的课程。它涉及国际贸易理论与政策、国际贸易法律与惯例、国际金融、国际运输与保险等学科的基本原理与基本知识的运用。※BenefitofInternationalTrade:a.Cheapergoodsb.Greatervarietywhengoodscomefrommoreco
7、untriesc.Widermarketwithincreasingnumberoftradingpartnersd.Growthofeconomy1货款的支付:Ininternationaltrade,paymentcanbemadebyvariousmeans:drafts(汇票),promissorynotes(本票),checks(支票),moneyorders(汇款单,邮政汇单),creditcards(信用卡),andcash(现金),etc.Cashisrarelyusedexceptfo
8、rsomesmalltransactions.2Draft/Billofexchange(汇票)Definition:Adraftorbillofexchangeisanunconditionalorder(无条件命令)inwritingsignedbyoneparty(drawer,出票人)requestingasecondparty(drawee,受票人/payer付款人)tomakepaymentinlawfulmoneyimmedi
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