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1、JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology46(2010)785–791ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jespReportsAmIdoingbetterthanyou?ThatdependsonwhetheryouaskmeinEnglishorChinese:Self-enhancementeffectsoflanguageasaculturalmindsetpri
2、mea,*a,**bSpikeW.S.Lee,DaphnaOyserman,MichaelHarrisBondaDepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofMichigan,EastHall,530ChurchStreet,AnnArbor,MI48109-1043,UnitedStatesbDepartmentofAppliedSocialSciences,HongKongPolytechnicUniversity,HungHom,Kowloon,HongKongarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Westernerstendtoju
3、dgethemselvespositivelyunlesstheirfailurerelativetoothersisobvious,inwhichReceived5November2009casetheytendtodistancethemselvesfromoutperformingothers.Whetherthistendencytoself-enhanceRevised24February2010insocial-comparisonsituationsisuniversalorculture-boundishotlydebated.Ratherthanconstrueself-Av
4、ailableonline18April2010enhancementaseitheruniversalorculture-bound,weproposethatitseffectsdependontheculturalmindsetthatissalientatthemomentofself-reflection.AculturalmindsetisamentalrepresentationKeywords:containingculture-congruentcontent,procedures,andgoals.WefocusedonindividualandcollectivePrimi
5、ngmindsets,usinglanguageasanunobtrusivemindsetprimeandpredictingthatpeoplewouldbemoreLanguageself-enhancingwhenanindividualmindsetwasmadesalientbyusingEnglishthanwhenacollectiveSelf-esteemSocialcognitionmindsetwasmadesalientbyusingChinese.Threestudiessupportedthishypothesis.Chinesestudentsself-enhan
6、ced(ratingthemselvesasbetterthanothersanddistancingthemselvesfromoutperformingothers)morewhenprimedwithanindividualmindset.Ó2010ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Introductiontheirtacticstoachieveit—someself-enhancingonindividualisticattributes,othersoncollectivisticones(Sedikides,Gaertner,&Toguchi,2003;
7、Sedikides,Gaertner,&Vevea,2005,2007a,‘‘Itwasanimportantfinalexam.Verydifficult...Ireallywanted2007b).Weproposeareframingoftheargument:Ratherthantotakealookatheranswers....Ifoughtwithmyevilspirit.Atbeing
