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1、Lesson39AmIAllRight?GRAMMAR直接引语变间接引语1、人称的转变1)直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如:Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”——>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称如:“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3)直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三
2、人称。如:Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——>Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4)人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthataftern
3、oon.总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——>Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohe
4、lpyou.”——>Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时如:Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusually
5、playedfootballafterschool.”——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6)当引语是谚语、格言时,如:Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesp
6、erfect.7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时如:Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——>Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.〔注〕:此处用hadto代替must更好此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改
7、变。4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化1)时间状语:直接引语(间接引语)now(then);today(thatday);tomorrow(thenext/followingday)nextweek(thenext/followingweek)yesterday(thedaybefore)twodaysago(twodaysbefore)thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)2)指示代词:these变成those3)地点状语:here变成thereShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanym
8、ore.”——>Shes