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1、PartOneTHEOCTOBERREVOLUTION:ITSSENSEANDSIGNIFICANCEMorethaneightyyearshavepassedsincetheeventwhichinourcountry,untilrecently,wasgenerallycalledtheGreatOctoberSocialistRevolution.Todaydebatesaboutitscharacter,content,andconsequencesareintensifyingandoftensou
2、ndjustasirreconcilableasthepositionstakenbytheparticipantsintherevolutionwhofoundthemselvesinopposingcamps.Butthen,whatissurprisingaboutthat?MorethantwohundredyearshavepassedsincethegreatFrenchrevolutionoftheeighteenthcentury,buttothisdaythatrevolutioninspi
3、ressharplyconflictingjudgmentsandopinions.ThisisallthemoretrueoftheOctoberrev-olution—notonlybecauseitisclosertousintimebutbecause,justastheFrenchrevolutionshapedtheentirecourseofthenineteenthcentury,theRussianrevolution,whateveronemightsayaboutit,largelydet
4、erminedthecourseofthetwentiethcentury.Andthiscen-turyhasproventobeaturningpointforallhumanity.Acontemporaryoftherevolution,thecelebratedAmericanjour-nalistandwriterJohnReed,calledhiseyewitnessaccountoftherev-olutionTenDaysThatShooktheWorld.Acontemporaryofou
5、rs,theEnglishmanEricHobsbawm,ahistorianandsociologistwhosenameisnolesswellknownthanJohnReed’s,considerstheOctoberrevo-lutiontohavebeena“globalconstantinthe[twentieth]century’shistory.”Boththesemenwereright.TodayweknowmuchmoreabouttheOctoberrevolutionthandid
6、itsparticipants,andmorethantheheirsoftherevolutioninourcountrywereallowedtoknow.Glasnostandperestroikahavegivenustheopportunitytolearnmanyfundamentalfactsabouttherevo-lutionwhichhadbeenclassifiedorfalsified—andaboutthedecadesafterit.Thedisclosureofthetruththa
7、twasbegununderglasnost—eventhoughitcausedshockandarousedprotestonthepartofmanypeople,andformanydifferentreasons—becameastimulustowardrevivingthemoralhealthofoursociety.Today,incidentally,asystemofsecrecyisbeingrevived—notinrelationtoOctoberbuttowardmanysubs
8、equentevents,includingquiterecentones.Liesandhalf-truthshaveagainbecomeanessen-tialpartofpolitics.Asinthepast,thisisasymptomoftheunhealthymoralcharacteroftheregime.Thepolicyofglasnostintheperestroikaer