Einstein_symmetry

《Einstein_symmetry》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、Arch.Hist.ExactSci.59(2005)437–544DigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)10.1007/s00407-005-0098-9HowEinsteinMadeAsymmetryDisappear:SymmetryandRelativityin1905GioraHonandBernardR.GoldsteinCommunicatedbyJ.D.NortonContentsI.Introduction...................................437II.Einstein’susagesofthetermsymmetr

2、yin1905................4441.Thedissertation(April1905).......................445Case1:isotropy..............................445Case2:analogy..............................453Case3:geometricalusage........................4542.“Ontheelectrodynamicsofmovingbodies”(June1905)........456Case1:indiffer

3、ence............................456Case2:twoalgebraicusages.......................459Case3:physicalusage..........................462Case4:algebraicusage..........................464Case5:rejectingasymmetry.......................4753.Thecentralclaim:makingasymmetrydisappearbyappealingtoaphysica

4、largument...................4794.Conclusion................................491III.Background.Thetermsymmetryandits“relatives”:duality,parallelism,andreciprocity......................4921.HeinrichHertz(1857–1894).......................4922.OliverHeaviside(1850–1925)......................5033.Aug

5、ustFöppl(1854–1924)........................5104.EmilWiechert(1861–1928).......................5225.WilhelmWien(1864–1928)........................5246.HendrikAntoonLorentz(1853–1928)..................5337.Summary.................................536References......................................

6、537I.Introduction“ItiswellknownthatMaxwell’selectrodynamics–asusuallyunderstoodatpresent–whenappliedtomovingbodies,leadstoasymmetriesthatdonotseemto438G.HonandB.R.Goldsteinadheretothephenomena.”1ThisishowAlbertEinstein(1879–1955)openedhisepoch-makingpaperentitled“Ontheelectrodynamicsofmovingbod

7、ies”[ZurElektrodynamikbewegterKörper]whosecentenaryhasbeencelebratedin2005.Thispaperisanout-standingcontributiontoscienceingeneralandtophysicsinparticular:ittransformedphysicsbyunderminingthereceivedconceptionsofthenatureofspacean