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1、BARRIERENHANCEMENTUSINGADDITIVESPeterMaulPresidentNanocor,IncorporatedFillers,PigmentsandAdditivesforPlasticsinPackagingApplicationsPiraInternationalConferenceBrussels,BelgiumDecember5-6,2005IntroductionThreedecadesofexplosivegrowthhavemadeplasticadominantformofpackagingworldwide.Amongplastic
2、’sattributesareflexibility,clarity,lowcost,shelfappeal,andeaseoftransport,storageanduse.Butthemostimportantfeatureforfoodandbeveragepackagingisdeliveringtotheconsumerproductsthatarefreshandsafe.Thisofteninvolvesmaintainingperformanceoverlongintervalsbetweenactualproductionandeventualconsumpti
3、on.Thistimeinterval,commonlyknownas“shelflife”,isincreasingasfoodandbeverageproducersseektodistributetheirproductsonaglobalbasisandasplasticsencroachuponareaspreviouslythebastionsofmetalandglasspackaging.Formanyfoodsandbeveragesthelimitingshelflifefactoristhepackage’sresistancetogasintrusion,
4、exemplifiedbyoxygenandwatervapor.Forothersituationsitisretentionofgases,CO2forexample,andaromas.Ineithercasethesolutionisprovidingbarriertothemovementofmoleculesthroughtheplasticmatrixcomprisingthepackage.Thispaperoverviewsgeneralapproachestoenhancingplasticpackagebarrierandprovidesdetailsabo
5、uttheuseofadditivestoaccomplishthegoal.Particularemphasisisgiventotheroleofnanotechnologyinbarrierpackaging.GeneralBarrierApproachesEvennovicepackageengineersknowallplasticsarepermeable,andsignificantworkhasbeendonetodevisewaystoimproveit.Themostcommonapproachesareoutlinedbelow.Makeaplasticar
6、ticleandcoatit.Bothflexiblefilmandrigidcontainersarecoatedwithultrathinlayersofmaterialsthatprovidehighintrinsicbarrier.Avarietyofvapordepositiontechnologiesareusedtoadherecoatingsofaluminumandsiliconoxides.Anewervariantusesmicrowaveplasmadepositiontodeliveramorphouscarboncoatingsontotheinter
7、iorsurfacesofbeveragecontainers.Anotherapproachconsistsofcoatingtheoutsidesurfaceofapackage,usuallyabottle,withhighbarrierepoxies,usingsprayordiptechnology.Coatedarticleshaveanestablishedniche,buttheyarelimitedbythelevelofadherencebetweenthec
