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1、18Nov200315:30ARAR207-PS55-17.texAR207-PS55-17.sgmLaTeX2e(2002/01/18)P1:GCE10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954Annu.Rev.Psychol.2004.55:493–518doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954Copyright°c2004byAnnualReviews.AllrightsreservedFirstpublishedonlineasaReviewinAdvanceonOctober6,2003SELF-
2、KNOWLEDGE:ItsLimits,Value,andPotentialforImprovementTimothyD.WilsonandElizabethW.DunnUniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,Virginia22904-4400;email:tdw@virginia.edu,edunn@post.harvard.eduKeyWordsimplicit,nonconscious,repression,self-insight,self-perception■AbstractBecauseofpersonalmotivesandth
3、earchitectureofthemind,itmaybedifficultforpeopletoknowthemselves.Peopleoftenattempttoblockoutunwantedthoughtsandfeelingsthroughconscioussuppressionandperhapsthroughunconsciousrepression,thoughwhethersuchattemptsaresuccessfuliscontroversial.Amorecom-monsourceofself-knowledgefailureistheinaccess
4、ibilityofmuchofthemindtocon-sciousness,includingmentalprocessesinvolvedinperception,motorlearning,person-ality,attitudes,andself-esteem.Introspectioncannotprovideadirectpipelinetothesementalprocesses,thoughsometypesofintrospectionmayhelppeopleconstructbene-ficialpersonalnarratives.Otherwaysofi
5、ncreasingself-knowledgeincludelookingatourselvesthroughtheeyesofothersandobservingourownbehavior.Theseapproachescanpotentiallypromoteself-knowledge,althoughmajorobstaclesexist.Itisnotal-waysadvantageoustoholdself-perceptionsthatcorrespondperfectlywithreality,butincreasingawarenessofnonconscio
6、usmotivesandpersonalityisgenerallybeneficial.CONTENTSINTRODUCTION:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::494MOTIVATIONALLIMITSTOSELF-KNOWLEDGE::::::::::::::::::::::::494DefinitionsofRepression,Suppression,IntentionalForgetting,andCompleteForgetting::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
7、::::::::::::::495EmpiricalEvidenceforRepression,Suppression,IntentionalForgetting,andCompleteForgetting::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::497Summary::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::498NONMOTIVATIONALLIMITSTOSELF-KNOW
