Kant and the Problem of History

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1、KantandWilliamA.GalstontheProblemTheUniversityofChicagoofHistoryPressChicagoandLondonWILLIAMA.GALSTONisassistantprofessorofgovernmentattheUniversityofTexas(Austin).Thisishisfirstbook.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,Lo

2、ndon©1975bytheUniversityofChicagoAllrightsreserved.Published1975PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataGalston,WilliamA1946-Kantandtheproblemofhistory.Bibliography:p.Includesindex.l.History-Philosophy.2.Kant,Immanuel,172

3、4-1804.I.Title.Dl6.9.G2890174-11620ISBN0-226-28044-6ToArthurandDaleGalston,whowillseetheirinfluenceinthesepagesContentsPrefaceixNoteonCitationsx1Introduction1ThePresentStatusoftheIdea1ofHistory39SacredandSecular:TheConjectural2BeginningofHumanHistory70Morali

4、tyandHappiness:TheDualism3ofFreedomandNatureintheThoughtofRousseau103Kant'sPhilosophyofHistory:The4ConvergenceofMoralityandNaturalScience132Kant'sPhilosophyofHistory:System5andCritique205Conclusion2696Bibliography273IndexofPassagesCitedfromKant'sWorks280Inde

5、xofNamesandSubjects285PrefaceThisstudywasevokedbythecontemporarycns1sofliberaldemocracy.Asanimmediatepracticalmatteritwasimportanttometostriveforafairjudgmentofthecontendingpoliticalforces.Moregenerally,itseemedimportanttoinquirewhetherwhatwearenowenduringis

6、merelyatransitorylapseofconfidenceorratherthedeath-throesofanentiremodeofpoliticalorganizationandwayoflifeand,ifthelatter,whetherthedemiseisstemmingfromuncontrollableexternalcausesorfrom"internalcontradictions.''Theseandrelatedconcernsledmetothecomplexofprob

7、lemsassociatedwiththeconceptof''history'':problemsofhistoricalepistemology,expectation,transformation,morality;problemsthatseemedtometohavefoundtheirfirstrecognizablymodernexpressioninthehistoricalessaysofKant.InexaminingKant'shistoricalthoughtIespeciallywan

8、tedtoaskwhethertheconceptofhistorywasnecessaryorfruitfulforpoliticalanalysisorrather(ashasoftenbeenalleged)thesourceofvexingtheoreticalconundrumsanddangerouspoliticalillusions.Thisstudybeganasad