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ID:39529686
大小:29.50 KB
页数:7页
时间:2019-07-05
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1、1.听力A:3篇7分B:2篇8分C:3篇10分2.阅读理解(2分一空,共15题三个阅读)EngineeringDesigninEarthquake Engineeringdesignaimstolinkeconomic,social,environmentalandofcoursesafetyfactorstoproducethebestsolution.Thisisespeciallytrueinearthquakeengineeringwhereitispossibletodesignabuildingthat
2、is“safe”foralltypesofearthquakesbutdoesnotfitthedesignbrief.ForexampleitisnoteconomicallyfeasibletodesignbuildingsinBristoltowithstandalargeearthquakeasthechancesareverysmall.Similarlyasquareconcretestructurethathassmallwindowsandthickwallsmaybetheidealdesignfo
3、raparticularareahoweveritwouldn'tfitadesignbriefaskingforamodernhigh-techdesign.Thisbalanceoffactorscanonlybeachievedbyengineerscombiningexperienceandknowledgeoftheareawherethestructureistobelocated.Designpracticehasbeenchangingoverthelastfewyears.Theolderdesig
4、nrequirementsusedtoinsistthatinanearthquakethebuildingshouldmaintainenoughstructuralintegritytoremainstanding.Thismeantthatiftheserviceabilitylimitstatewaspassedthestructurewouldhavetobedemolished,asitwouldbenolongersafetouse.Althoughthisconceptsaveslivesaspeop
5、lecanescapefrombuildingsitdoesnothingtopreventthehugefinancialcostofalargeearthquakeasalargeproportionofbuildingshavetobedemolishedandrebuilt.Thusthenewdesignrequirementsdemandthatthestructureshouldremainstandinginanearthquakeandadditionallynothavetobedemolishe
6、d.Theotherfactoroftenleftunconsideredistheeffectofaftershocks.Theseshocksgenerallyhavelittleeffectonundamagedbuildings.However,ondamagedonestheycanhaveadestructiveeffectandstoprescueoperations.Intheassessmentofbuildingstheenergyfromanaftershockshouldbeconsidere
7、d.Apparentlythedamagecausedbyearthquakesisalmostentirelyassociatedwithmanmadestructures.Earthquakesonlycausedeathbythedamagetheyinduceinstructuressuchasbuildings,dams,bridgesandotherworksofman.Andthisisoneofthereasonswhyearthquakeengineeringissoimportant 1.What
8、isthemaintopicofthepassage A.Earthquakeengineerswithexperienceandknowledge. B.Buildingstowithstandallpossibleearthquakes. C.Somefactorsforbuildingdesigninearthquakeengine
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