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1、Shieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7TheTuringTestShieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7TheTuringTestVerbalBehaviorastheHallmarkofIntelligenceeditedbyStuartM.ShieberABradfordBookTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,EnglandShieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7c2004MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyAllrig
2、htsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinforma-tionstorageorretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinSabonbyInteractiveCompositionCorporationandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmer
3、ica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataTheTuringtest:verbalbehaviorasthehallmarkofintelligence/editedbyStuartM.Shieber.p.cm.“ABradfordbook.”Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-262-69293-7(pbk.:alk.paper)1.Turingtest.I.Shieber,StuartM.Q341.T8742004006.3—dc222003061234109
4、87654321Shieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7ToCassiaWynerShieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7“Justthinkingoutloud....Howsmart’sanAI,Case?”“Depends.Somearen’tmuchsmarterthandogs.Pets.Costafortuneanyway.TherealsmartonesareassmartasTuringheatiswillingtolet’emget.”“Look,you’reacowboy.Howcomeyouaren’tjust
5、flat-outfascinatedwiththosethings?”“Well,”hesaid,“forstarts,they’rerare.Mostofthemaremilitary,thebrightones,andwecan’tcracktheice.That’swherealltheicecomesfrom,youknow?Andthenthere’stheTuringcops,andthat’sbadheat.”Helookedather.“Idunno,itjustisn’tpartofthetrip.”“Jockeysallthesame,”shesaid.“Noi
6、magination.”—WilliamGibson,NeuromancerShieber-79040bookApril1,200412:7ContentsEditorialNotesxiiiIntroduction1IPrecursors15TheBeteMachineˆ171DiscourseontheMethod,ChapterV23ReneDescartes´IfAnimalsCouldTalk312LettertotheMarquessofNewcastle35ReneDescartes´TheHommeMachine393SelectionsfromMachineMa
7、n45JulienOffraydeLaMettrieIITuring’sTest59ComputerTechnology614ComputingMachineryandIntelligence67AlanM.TuringTheEphemera975IntelligentMachinery,AHereticalTheory105AlanM.Turing6CanDigitalComputersThink?111AlanM.TuringShieber-79040bookApril1,2