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1、Hume'sAbjectFailure,TheArgumentAgainstMiraclesJohnEarman,ProfessoroftheHistoryandPhilosophyofScience,UniversityofPittsburghAbstract:Hume'sfamousessayonmiraclesissetinthecontextofthelargerdebatethatwastakingplaceintheeighteenthcenturyaboutthenatureofmiraclesandtheabilityofeyewitnes
2、stestimonytoestablishthecredibilityofsuchevents.TheauthorcontentsthatHume'sargumentagainstmiraclesislargelyunoriginalandchieflywithoutmeritwhereitisoriginal.ToadvancetheissuessoprovocativelyposedbyHume'sessayrequiresthetoolsoftheprobabilitycalculusbeingdevelopedbyHume'scontemporar
3、iesbutlargelyignoredbyHume.ContentPartIHumeonMiracles1.Abstract12Hume'sReligiousOrientation43TheOriginsofHume'sEssay64ThePuzzlesofHume'sDefinitionsofMiracles85ConceptionsofMiracles96WhataMiracleIsforHume127TheEighteenth-CenturyDebateonMiracles148TheStructureofHume'sEssay209Hume'sS
4、traightRuleofInductionandHisProofAgainstMiracles2210Hume,Bayes,andPrice2411BayesandBayesianism2612TheBayes-PriceRejectionofHume'sStraightRule2913Hume'sStultificationofScientificInquiry3114TheIndianPrince3315Hume'sMaxim3816WhatIsHume'sThesis?4317Hume'sDiminutionPrinciple4918Multipl
5、eWitnessing5319MoreMultipleWitnessing5620WhatIsRightAboutHume'sPosition5921FallBackPositionsforHume6122ProbabilifyingReligiousDoctrines6523Hume'sContraryMiraclesArgument6724Conclusion70AppendixonProbability75WorksCited87AdditionalBibliography93PartIITheDocuments96JohnLocke,anEssay
6、ConcerningHumanUnderstanding(1690),BookIV,Chapters15and1697BenedictDeSpinoza,aTheologico-PoliticalTreatise(1670),Chapter6107JohnLocke,ADiscourseofMiracles(1706)114ThomasSherlock,theTryaloftheWitnessesoftheResurrectionofJesus(11thEd.,1729)125DavidHume,EnquiryConcerningHumanUndersta
7、nding(1777),Section10,OfMiracles140RichardPrice,FourDissertations(2DEd.1768),DissertationIV,OntheImportanceofChristianityandtheNatureofHistoricalEvidence,andMiracles.157GeorgeCampbell,aDissertationonMiracles(1762)176Anonymous(GeorgeHooper?),ACalculationoftheCredibilityofHumanTesti
8、mony(1699)193PierreSimonLaplace,a
