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1、GoodandtheObjectofNaturalInclinationsinSt.ThomasAquinas1JOHNLJENKINSWhatistherelationshipbetweenwhatwe,inourmostreflectiveandcircumspectmoments,desireorapproveofandwhatisourgood?InthisessayIwillexploretheviewsofSt.ThomasAquinasonthisissue.Iwilldevelopmyinterpre
2、tationofAquinasdialecticallybyconsideringandcriticizingaspectsoftheinfluentialinterpretationsofGermainGrisez2andJohnFinnishononehand,andRalphMclnerny,^ontheother.5Theseinterpretations,Iwill1.AnthonyKenny,BrianDavies,O.P.,RobertGeorge,RalphMclnerny,andDavidBurre
3、ll,C.S.C.,wereallmostgenerousinreadingandcommentinguponvariousversionsofthispaper,andIammostgratefulfortheirhelp.Ofcourse,theopinionsexpressedhereinaretobeascribedtomealone.ThispaperwassubstantiallycompletedinJanuary,1991andIhavebeenunabletotakenoticeofstudiesp
4、ublishedsincethen.2.GermainGrisez,"TheFirstPrincipleofPracticalReason:ACommentaryontheSummatheologiae1-2,Question94,Article2,"NaturalLawForum10(1965):168-201.3.JohnFinnis,NaturalLawandNaturalRights(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1980).4Mclnerny'scriticismsofGrise
5、zandFinnisarefoundinEthicaThomistica(Washington,D.C.:CatholicUniversityofAmericaPress,1982).GrisezandFinnisrespondedtoMclnernyin"TheBasicPrinciplesofNaturalLaw:AReplytoRalphMclnerny,"AmericanJournalofJurisprudence26(1981):21-31.5.GrisezandFinnis'swritinghasseto
6、ffalongandvigorousdebate.Otherrecentcontributionsincludethefollowing.RobertGeorgegivesanadmirablyclear62THEGOODANDNATURALINCLINATIONS63argue,founderbecauseofimproperanalysesandcommonmisunder-standingsofkeytermsinAquinas.OncewehaveapropergraspofAquinas'sposition
7、,wecanbetterappreciateitastheinterestingandsubtleethicaltheorythatitis.AlthoughtheGrisez-FinnisinterpretationdiffersfromMclnerny'sonseveralpoints,twoissuesarecentral.Bothoftheseissueshavetodowiththeputativedistinctionbetweenfactsaboutournaturalin-clinationsando
8、urgood,andonedifficultyinadjudicatingthisdebateisthatthedisputantsfailtodistinguishclearlybetweenthesedistinctissues.ThefirstconcernsthequestionofwhetherThomasthoughtthatasu
