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1、FOUCAULT.INFOMichelFoucault.Discipline&Punish(1975),PanopticismIII.DISCIPLINE3.PanopticismFromDiscipline&Punish:TheBirthofthePrison(NY:VintageBooks1995)pp.195-228translatedfromtheFrenchbyAlanSheridan©1977Thefollowing,accordingtoanorderpublishedattheendof
2、theseventeenthcentury,werethemeasurestobetakenwhentheplagueappearedinatown.First,astrictspatialpartitioning:theclosingofthetownanditsoutlyingdistricts,aprohibitiontoleavethetownonpainofdeath,thekillingofallstrayanimals;thedivisionofthetownintodistinctqua
3、rters,eachgovernedbyanintendant.Eachstreetisplacedundertheauthorityofasyndic,whokeepsitundersurveillance;ifheleavesthestreet,hewillbecondemnedtodeath.Ontheappointedday,everyoneisorderedtostayindoors:itisforbiddentoleaveonpainofdeath.Thesyndichimselfcomes
4、tolockthedoorofeachhousefromtheoutside;hetakesthekeywithhimandhandsitovertotheintendantofthequarter;theintendantkeepsituntiltheendofthequarantine.Eachfamilywillhavemadeitsownprovisions;but,forbreadandwine,smallwoodencanalsaresetupbetweenthestreetandthein
5、teriorofthehouses,thusallowingeachpersontoreceivehisrationwithoutcommunicatingwiththesuppliersandotherresidents;meat,fishandherbswillbehoistedupintothehouseswithpulleysandbaskets.Ifitisabsolutelynecessarytoleavethehouse,itwillbedoneinturn,avoidinganymeet
6、ing.Onlytheintendants,syndicsandguardswillmoveaboutthestreetsandalso,betweentheinfectedhouses,fromonecorpsetoanother,the'crows',whocanbelefttodie:theseare'peopleoflittlesubstancewhocarrythesick,burythedead,cleananddomanyvileandabjectoffices'.Itisasegment
7、ed,immobile,frozenspace.Eachindividualisfixedinhisplace.And,ifhemoves,hedoessoattheriskofhislife,contagionorpunishment.Inspectionfunctionsceaselessly.Thegazeisalerteverywhere:'Aconsiderablebodyofmilitia,commandedbygoodofficersandmenofsubstance',guardsatt
8、hegates,atthetownhallandineveryquartertoensurethepromptobedienceofthepeopleandthemostabsoluteauthorityofthemagistrates,'asalsotoobservealldisorder,theftandextortion'.Ateachofthetowngatestherewillbeanobservationpost;attheen
