the_function_of_metaphor英文文献资料

the_function_of_metaphor英文文献资料

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1、TheFunctionofMetaphorRonBontekoeInthePoeticsAristotlesaysofmetaphorfirst,thatit"consistsingivingthethinganamethatbelongstosomethingelse"'andsec-ond,thatforthepoetitisthegreatestandmostdifficultthingbyfartohaveacommandof.^Whyisit,wemightask,thattheinappropriateattributionofaname—some

2、thingthatlooksremark-ablylikethecommissionofanerror—shouldbesuchadifficultthingtodo?Theanswer,ofcourse,isthatitisnotatalldifficulttodoifweintendtobesatisfiedwithjustanyinappropriatenaming,butthatifweexpectourmetaphortosomehow"makesense"inspiteofthe"error"involvedinitsconstruction,av

3、eryspecialtalentisrequiredofus—theabiUtytorecognizeresemblanceswhichordinarilypassunnoticed.Whiletheimportanceofthisca-pacityforrecognizingsimilaritieshasbeenagreeduponbyalmosteveryonewhohaswrittenonthesubjectofmetaphorsinceAris-totle,considerabledifferencesofopinionhavearisenconcem

4、ingthewayinwhichtheserecognizedsimilaritiesarebroughtintoplayinmetaphor.Therehasbeen,inotherwords,alongdebateoverhowsuccessfullymetaphormanagestoconveymeaning.Itisnotthepurposeofthispapertoenterintothatdebateinanybutthemostindirectofmanners.RatherIproposetofocusupontheworkofcertaint

5、hinkerswhohaveimplicitlyassumedthatingivinganaccountofhowmetaphormeanstheyhavealsoprovidedananswertothemoregeneralquestion:Howdoesmetaphorwork?Atfirstglanceitmayappearthatnothingcouldbemorenaturalthantoequatethesetwoquestions.Metaphor,afterall,isaphenomenonoflanguageandlanguage'sfir

6、sttaskistomakepossiblecommunication.Thusinsofarasmetaphorsucceedsinmeaning,itspurpose,surely,mustbetheconveyingofmeaning.Theproblemwiththislineofreasoningisthatitconsidersmeta-phorintheabstract,divorcedfromthesettinginwhichitismosttypicallyfoundifitisstillinnovativeandalive—thepoem.

7、Thepoemtooisaphenomenonoflanguage.Inspiteofthis,however,itisaworkofartbeforeitisapieceofcommunication.WemustPhilosophyandRhetoric,Vol.20,No.4,1987.PublishedbyThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityPress,UniversityParkandLondon.209210RONBONTEKOEconsiderthen,whethermetaphor,asoneofthedistincti

8、vefeaturesofpoetry,

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