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1、Euphytica5(1956):101-116IMPROVEMENTOFTHECHERRYVARIETIESUSEDINTHENETHERLANDSC.J.GERRITSENInstituteofHorticulturalPlantBreeding,Wageningen,NetherlandsReceived28Jan.1956CONTENTSPa«eIntroduction101Regroupingthelistofrecommendedvarieties102CollectingvarietiesfromtheNetherlandsandfromabroad106Morpholo
2、gicalinvestigationsandtypeselection106Breedingtechniques108Evaluationofunknownvarietiesandnewlyproducedseedlings110TrialsofcollectedvarietiesIllProductionofPrunusaviumseedlings112ProductionofbetterDukevarieties112Summary115Samenvatting115References116INTRODUCTIONThecherryisafairlyimportantfruitc
3、ropintheNetherlands.Asregardsitsacreageitranksthirdwith4321ha(1953)i.e.7%ofthetotalfruitarea(apple66%,pear21%,plum6%).From1950to1953arrivalsattheauctionsaveraged16.7millionkgwithavalueof7,850,000.—guildersi.e.respectively3.7and8.5%ofthetotalofthe4fruitcrops(apple63.4and59.9%,pear27.1and25.8%,plu
4、m5.8and5.8%).Nowadaysitappearsthatthecherryindustryisonthedecline:manycherriesarebeinggrubbedandveryfewplanted.Thistendency,whichstartedbefore1940,wasnotsonoticeableduringorjustafterthewar;inthelast5years,however,ithasbecomemuchmoremanifest.In1947westartedextensiveresearchonthecherry(culture,var
5、ieties,outlet,etc.).Theresultshaveshownthatmuchcanstillbedonetogivethecherryindustryasounderbasissothatdeclinemaybeturnedintoprogress(3).ThesameconclusionwasreachedatameetingheldattheInstituteofHorticulturalPlantBreedingin1952.Thismeetingwasattendedbypersonsconcernedwiththegrowing,commercializat
6、ionandprocessingofcherriesandbythestaffoftheHorticulturalAdvisoryService(1).Itwasevidentthatnotonlyimprovedculturalmeasuresbutespeciallyreplantingwithbettervarietieswouldhaveafavourableeffectontheproductioncosts,pricesandyields,thusincreasingtheproductivityofthecherryindustry.101C.J.GERRITSENThe
7、seimprovedvarietiesshouldhavehigherstandardsthantheoldvarietiesofthefollowingqualities:Pickingquality(dependentonthefruitarrangement,andwhetheravarietyiscroppingevenly);Diseaseresistance(bacterialcanker,brownrot,virusdisease
