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1、UnitOneEducationChineseHigherEducationFailstheTestByRobertHartmann(Adapted)OpinionpollsinChinainthepastyearhavegenerallylistedthecountry'shighereducationasoneofthethreemajortargetsofgrowingpublicdiscontent,withtheothertwobeinghealthcareandhousing.InChina,wherelea
2、rningusedtobehighlyesteemedbecauseoftheConfuciantradition,universitygraduateswereonceregardedas"heaven'sfavoredones"whowouldneverworryaboutemployment.Butthisyearseeingarecordhighunemploymentrate,quiteanumberofuniversitygraduateshavetakenjobsashousemaids,securityg
3、uardsorunpaidtrainees.Evenso,halfofthemorethan4milliongraduatesremainedjoblessmonthsafterleavingschool.Inlightofthis,MinistryofEducationofficialsinchargeofstudentaffairshavemadeapublicappealthatuniversitygraduatesshouldbepreparedtocompetewith"ordinarylaborers"int
4、hejobmarket,whichraisesthequestion:Ifauniversitygraduateislikean"ordinarylaborer",whatisChina'shighereducationfor?CriticshaveconcludedthatthewholeofChina'shigher-educationsystemisproblematic,fromstudents'admission,totheireducation,totheirgraduation.Theentrance-ex
5、amproblem.Thestrictunifiedexamhasbeenseverelyblamedbymanyineducationcirclesforbeingonlygoodatenrollingbookwormsandcreatinginequalityandinjustice.Tobesuccessfulinpassingtheentranceexam,youngstershavetoburythemselvesinbookstacks,completelydivorcedfromsocialreality,
6、andstrivewithalltheirmighttoscoremorepointsbycomingclosertothe"standardanswers".Moreoftenthannot,thebestperformersinsuchexamscannotstanduptoanoraltest,oranadmissioninterview.Theemploymentproblem.Whilehigher-educationenrollmentstillfollowsthemodeof"plannedeconomy"
7、,theemploymentendhasbeenlinkedtoafree-marketeconomy.Thetwoareobviouslyincompatible.Theblameforthisemploymentcrisisseemstorestontheexplosiveover-enrollmentofstudents,withmanyinmajorsthatarenotdemandedinthemarket.Thequalityproblem.Ifuniversitiescanberegardedas"fact
8、ories",thengraduatesaretheir"products".Generallyspeaking,thetargetofuniversityeducationistoproduceeitherspecialistsorall-aroundpersonswithawiderbackgroundofkno
