无机化学英语命名法

《无机化学英语命名法》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、NomenclatureofInorganicCompounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.TrivialNames俗名H2Owater不说dihydrogenoxideNH3ammonia不说nitrogentrihydrideCaOquicklimeCaCO3limestone希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九2.SystematicNomenclature系

2、统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzincoxideCaOcalciumoxideCOcarbonoxideNa2O2sodiumperoxideH2O2hydrogenperoxide注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2bariumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydroxide3)Acid酸Hydroacid氢酸Generalformula通式:HnX命名：hydro-+stemofX+-icacidH2Shydr

3、osulfuricacid(英)hydrosulphuric(美)氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美)HBr氢溴酸hydrobromicacidBr:bromineHCl氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloricacidCl:chlorineHF氢氟酸hydrofluoricacidF:fluorineOxoacidorOxyacid含氧酸Generalformula通式:HnXOm命名：StemofX+-icacid注：oxo-(oxy-)含氧,氧代H2SO4sulfuricacid

4、(英)sulphuricacid(美)H2CO3carbonicacidH3PO4phosphoricacidP:phosphorusH3BO3boricacidB:boronHNO3nitricacidN:nitrogenIfXhastwooxidationstates：-ic：thehigheroxidationstate-ous：theloweroxidationstateH2SO4sulfuricacidH2SO3sulfurousacidHNO3nitricacidHNO2nitrou

5、sacidIfX(suchashalogens)hasmorethantwooxidationstates：halogen卤素per-(过，高)+-ic：thestillhigheroxidationstatehypo-(次,在…下)+-ous：thestillloweroxidationstateHClO3chloricacidHClO2chlorousacidHClO4perchloricacidHClOhypochlorousacidHIOhypoiodousacid4)Salt盐Gene

6、ralformula通式:MnXm命名：NameofMstemofX+-ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKIpotassiumiodideAl2S3aluminumsulfideLiHlithiumhydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐NamethemetalionfirstandthentheanionNaminganions:-ateanionsderivedfromthe-icacid(thehigheroxidationstateofX)

7、-iteanionsderivedfromthe-ousacid(theloweroxidationstateofX)HNO3nitricacidNaNO3sodiumnitrateHNO2nitrousacidNaNO2sodiumnitriteSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteAgClO4silverperchlorateNaIO3sodiumiodateKClO2potassiumchloriteKBrOpotassiumhypobromiteMnO42-manganateM

8、nO4-permanganateAcidsalt酸式盐Using“hydrogen”tospecify“H”NaHSO4sodiumhydrogensulfateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateNa2HPO4disodiumhydrogenphosphateP:phosphorusphosphate磷酸盐(根)Usingprefixbi-+nameofanionifonlyoneacidsaltexistsNaHSO4sodiumbisulfateNaHSO3so