unit 2 Text A

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1、Unit2literatureTheFarandtheNearPre-readingQuestions1Whatarethebasicelementsthatmakeupafiction?23Whichfictiondoyoulikebestamongthoseyou’veread?Andwhy?Whatdoestheword“fiction”referto?CONTENTSBackgroundoftheTextExercisesLanguagePointsVocabularyIntroductiontoLiteraryGenresAccordingtothet

2、imeofappearance:1)Poetry2)Drama3)Essay4)FictionIntroductiontotheauthorFeaturesandFormsFeatures:1)Astrictform2)Rhythm3)Rhyme4)ImageryForms:Epic(dramaticpoem)史诗Lyric抒情短诗Metricaltales格律体诗Ballads民谣Didacticpoems教诲诗Elegy哀歌Idyll田园诗LovepoemsSerenade小夜曲Ode颂DramaBeforeShakespeare,therewasrelig

3、iousdrama.Miracleplays,moralityplaysandinterludesaretypesoflate-medievaldrama,writteninavarietyofverseforms.FromShakespeare,dramasaredisplayedinthreedifferenttypes:Tragedy:unhappyendingComedy:happyendingTragicomedyTheoriginofEnglishessayMontaigne(1533-1592),in1603,twobookswrittenbyhi

4、mwerepublished.Montaignegaveatitletohisbooks,called“essais”,“essayer”.Itmeanstotry,tomakenewexperiment.Allthesearticleswrittenbyhimareinnewforms.Hewantedtoshowusthere’ssomethingexperimental.Cequiestlepluspitoyablepourl’homme,c’estdenepasavoirlaconnaissanceetdenepaspouvoirsecontraindr

5、e.——Montaigne[France]Theworstestateofman,iswherehelosestheknowledgeandgovernmentofhimself.——Montaigne人最可悲的是没有知识和不能自我约束。——蒙田【法】Amanmayalwayscontinuehisstudy,butnotschooling.——Montaigne活到老，学到老。——蒙田CharacteristicsofformalVsinformalessayimpersonalpersonaldogmaticdiscoursesystematicrelaxe

6、dexpositionconversationallogicalhumorousPurposeofformalessayVsinformalessayToinformtoamuseTostimulatetoentertainTopersuadetoenlightenFormalessaycanbecomparedtoeveningdress;informalessaycanbecomparedtothesmokingjacketFictiontheyoungestgenreItissomethingthatwasinventedbytheauthor,andis

7、definedascharactersinactionatacertaintimeandplace,whichincludes:Novels(长篇小说)Novelettes(中篇或短篇小说)Shortstories(短篇小说)ThefirstEnglishnovel:DenialDefoe’sRobinsonCrusoeInChina:poetry(秦文、汉赋、唐诗)essay（宋词）drama（元曲）fiction（明清小说和笔记）ElementsoffictionsWhetherlongorshort,aworkoffictionisusuallymadeu

8、pofcertainel