Watermarking Electronic Text Documents Containing Justified Paragraphs and Irregular Line S

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1、WatermarkingElectronicTextDocumentsContainingJustifiedParagraphsandIrregularLineSpacingAdnanM.AlattarandOsamaM.AlattarDigimarcCorporation,Tualatin,OR97062ABSTRACTInthispaper,weproposeanewmethodforwatermarkingelectronictextdocumentsthatcontainjustifiedpar

2、agraphsandirregularlinespacing.Theproposedmethodusesaspread-spectrumtechniquetocombattheeffectsofirregularwordorlinespacing.ItalsousesaBCH(Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem)errorcodingtechniquetoprotectthepayloadfromthenoiseresultingfromtheprintingandscanningpr

3、ocess.Watermarkembeddinginajustifiedparagraphisachievedbyslightlyincreasingordecreasingthespacesbetweenwordsaccordingtothevalueofthecorrespondingwatermarkbit.Similarly,watermarkembeddinginatextdocumentwithvariablelinespacingisachievedbyslightlyincreasing

4、ordecreasingthedistancebetweenanytwoadjacentlinesaccordingtothevalueofthewatermarkbit.Detectingthewatermarkisachievedbymeasuringthespacesbetweenthewordsorthelinesandcorrelatingthemwiththespreadingsequence.Inthispaper,wepresentanimplementationofthepropose

5、dalgorithmanddiscussitssimulationresults.Keywords:TextWatermarking,DocumentFingerprinting,CopyrightProtection1.INTRODUCTIONMostcompaniesandgovernmentagencieshaveadireneedforprotectingsensitiveinformation.Encryption,accessrestriction,andlockingdocumentsbe

6、hindfirewallsaresomecommontechniquesforprotectingsensitiveinformation.Encryptionisaneffectivewayforpreventinganunauthorizedpersonfromviewingthecontentofasensitivedocument.Nonetheless,oncethedocumentisdecryptedforviewingusingthesecretkey,anill-intentioned

7、authorizedpersoncansave,copy,print,ortransmittheunencrypteddocumentanywhereheorshewantswithoutanymajordifficulty.Restrictingaccessofadocumenttoonlyafewindividualsworkswellwithtrustworthyindividuals.Unfortunately,itiscommontofindsecretdocumentscirculating

8、outsidetheirtrustedringsandeveninthepublicmedia.Identifyingtheuntrustworthypersonisoftendifficultandunpleasant.Firewallsareaneffectivemeanstobancasualoutsidersfromaccessinganorganization’snetwork.Firewallsalsomakeitverydif