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1、限定性定语从句及非限定性定语从句定语从句注意事项1.ImetJohn,whoismyclassmate.我遇到约翰,他是我的同班同学。2.HehasjustbeenbackfromNewYork,whichisaverybigcityintheUnitedStates.他刚从纽约回来,那是美国的一个大城市。3.Herecomesmyfather,whoisanEnglishteacher.我父亲来了,他是个英语老师。4.That’smyonlyson,whoisattendingcollege.那是我惟一
2、的儿子,他正在念大学。5.Iwenttothetrainstationthismorning,whichwascrowdedwithpassenger我今早去火车站,车站里挤满了旅客。1.Heisaboywhoworkshard.他是个用功的男孩。2.Ilikethebookwhichheboughtyesterday.我喜欢他昨天买的那本书。3.Heisagoodboywhostudieshard.他是个用功的好孩子。4.Heisagoodboy,whostudieshard.他是个好孩子,很用功。5.
3、Ilikethatgoodbookwhichheboughtyesterday.我喜欢他昨天买的那本好书。6.Ilikethatgoodbook,whichheboughtyesterday.我喜欢那本好书,那是他昨天买的。小结1.一般名词可用限定性定语从句修饰,其关系代词前不加逗号。翻译时先译从句,再译被修饰的名词。2.专有名词(Tom,John,Beijing)及独一性名词(father,mother)之后接定语从句,该关系代词之前一定要加逗号,即用非限定性定语从句。3.一般名词前已有形容词,该名词后
4、的定语从句可依作者的喜好。我们了解了限定修饰与非限定性修饰的区别,在口语中听不出来,在文字处理中就有显著的差异,同学们使用时不可不谨慎,以免闹出笑话。请看下面的例句。Thisismymotherwholovesmeverymuch.这是我那位很爱我的妈妈。(暗示还有一位妈妈很恨我。)Thisismymother,wholovesmeverymuch.这是我妈妈,她很爱我。Heisaman,whoneverbreakshisword.他是男人,他从不食言。(暗示读者是白痴,分辨不出他是个男人。)Heisam
5、anwhoneverbreakshisword.他是个从不食言的人。That充当关系代词,取代who,whom,whichIlikethegirlwhocomeshereeveryMonday.IlikethegirlthatcomeshereeveryMonday.Iliketheprettygirl,thatcomeshereeveryMonday.Iliketheprettygirl,whocomeshereeveryMonday.TTFTHeisthemanwhomweallrespect.Hei
6、sthemanthatweallrespect.ThisistheknifewithwhichhekilledMary.ThisistheknifewiththathekilledMary.ThisistheknifewhichhekilledMarywith.ThisistheknifethathekilledMarywith.TTTFTT总结:1.that之前不准有逗号,即that仅出现在限定性定语从句中。2.that之前不可以有介词。使用that的情况:1、当先行词是nothing,somethin
7、g,anything,all,each等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2、当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4、当先行词被thever
8、y,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.5、当先行词又有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.6.避免与疑问词重复(what,where,when,how,which,who)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?7.两个相同的关系代词引导