历史上的回顾

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1、翁芬華生科系2826-7240fhwa@ym.edu.tw1.HistoricalPerspective歷史上的回顧2.Innate(Nonspecific)Immunity天賦性免疫3.Adaptive(Specific)Immunity適應性免疫4.ComparativeImmunity比較免疫學5.ImmuneDysfunctionanditsConsequences免疫失調及其後果1RecognitionResponse–EffectorResponseMemoryResponse拉丁文-immunis:exempt英文-immunity:thes

2、tateofprotectionfrominfectiousdisease2HistoricalPerspectivePeloponnesianWar(431–404B.C.)伯羅奔尼撒戰爭Thucydides修西的底斯(希臘歷史學家):Onlythosewhohadrecoveredfromtheplaguecouldnursethesickbecausetheywouldnotcontractthediseaseasecondtime.315thCentury:ChineseandTurksInhalethedriedcrustsderivedfrom

3、smallpoxpustules(膿皰)intothenostrilsorinsertintosmallcutsintheskin.-Variolation(種牛痘)18thCentury:Jenner(1798)Milkmaidswhohadcontractedcowpox(amilddisease)weresubsequentlyimmunetosmallpox(adisfiguringandoftenfataldisease).Jennerintroducedfluidfromacowpoxpustuleintopeople.LouisPasteur

4、巴斯德~1880Thechickenwhichwereinjectedwithfowlcholerabacterium(oldculture)survivedfromasubsequentinjectionoffreshcultureofbacteria.-Aginghadweakenedthevirulenceofthepathogen.-Anattenuatedstraincouldprotectthechickensagainstthedisease.Vaccine疫苗-vacca,meaningcow,inhonorofJenner’swork4V

5、accinatethesheepwithheat-attenuatedanthraxbacilli(Bacillusanthracis,炭疽)1885,Pasteuradministeredthefirstvaccinetoahuman,ayoungboywhohadbittenbyarabid(rabies狂犬病)dog.1890sstarttounderstandthemechanismofimmunityEmilvonBehringantitoxin/serum(血清)diphtheria1883ElieMetchnikoffphagocytes5M

6、echanismofImmunity6Electrophoresisofserumproteins(Tiselius&Kabat,1939)untreatedtreatedHumoralandCellularImmunity[Serum]:Serumfromanimalspreviouslyimmunizedtobacteriacouldtransfertheimmunestatetounimmunizedanimalsγ-globulin(γG)(1930s)immunoglobulin(Ig)antibody(Ab,相對於antigen[Ag])Bec

7、auseimmunitywasmediatedbyantibodiescontainedinbodyfluid(knownashumors),itwascalledhumoralimmunity.7HumoralandCellularImmunity[Phagocytes]:Certainwhitebloodcellswereabletoingestmicroorganismsandotherforeignmaterial.Metchnikoff(1908)hypothesizedthatcells,ratherthanserumcomponents,we

8、rethemajoreffectorofimmunity.-Cel