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1、EURACHEM/CITACGuideQuantifyingUncertaintyinAnalyticalMeasurementSecondEditionQUAM:2000.P1EURACHEM/CITACGuideQuantifyingUncertaintyinAnalyticalMeasurementSecondEditionEditorsSLREllison(LGC,UK)MRosslein(EMPA,Switzerland)AWilliams(UK)CompositionoftheWorkingGroupEURAC
2、HEMmembersAWilliamsChairmanUKSEllisonSecretaryLGC,Teddington,UKMBerglundInstituteforReferenceMaterialsandMeasurements,BelgiumWHaesselbarthBundesanstaltfurMaterialforschungundPrufung,GermanyKHedegaardEUROMIIRKaarlsNetherlandsMeasurementInstitute,TheNetherlandsMMåns
3、sonSPSwedishNationalTestingandResearchInstitute,SwedenMRössleinEMPASt.Gallen,SwitzerlandRStephanyNationalInstituteofPublicHealthandtheEnvironment,TheNetherlandsAvanderVeenNetherlandsMeasurementInstitute,TheNetherlandsWWegscheiderUniversityofMiningandMetallurgy,Leo
4、ben,AustriaHvandeWielNationalInstituteofPublicHealthandtheEnvironment,TheNetherlandsRWoodFoodStandardsAgency,UKCITACMembersPanXiuRongDirector,NRCCRM,.ChinaMSalitNationalInstituteofScienceandTechnologyUSAASquirrellNATA,AustraliaKYasudaHitachiLtd,JapanAcknowledgemen
5、tsAOACRepresentativesRJohnsonAgriculturalAnalyticalServices,TexasStateThisdocumenthasbeenproducedprimarilybyajointChemist,USAEURACHEM/CITACWorkingGroupwiththeJung-KeunLeeU.S.F.D.A.Washingtoncompositionshown(right).TheeditorsaregratefultoDMowreyEliLilly&Co.,Greenfi
6、eld,USAalltheseindividualsandorganisationsandtootherswhohavecontributedcomments,adviceandIAEARepresentativesassistance.PDeReggeIAEAViennaProductionofthisGuidewasinpartsupportedunderAFajgeljIAEAViennacontractwiththeUKDepartmentofTradeandIndustryaspartoftheNationalM
7、easurementSystemEARepresentativeValidAnalyticalMeasurement(VAM)Programme.DGalsworthy,UKAS,UKQuantifyingUncertaintyContentsCONTENTSFOREWORDTOTHESECONDEDITION11.SCOPEANDFIELDOFAPPLICATION32.UNCERTAINTY42.1.DEFINITIONOFUNCERTAINTY42.2.UNCERTAINTYSOURCES42.3.UNCERTAIN
8、TYCOMPONENTS42.4.ERRORANDUNCERTAINTY53.ANALYTICALMEASUREMENTANDUNCERTAINTY73.1.METHODVALIDATION73.2.CONDUCTOFEXPERIMENTALSTUDIESOFMETHODPERFORMANCE83.3.