Clustering-Presentation

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1、ClusterAnalysisAnalyzingMultivariateDataJLattin,JDCarroll,PEGreenIntroductionofClusterAnalysisClusteranalysisisanexploratoryprocedurethatisusedtoidentifygroupsofsimilarobjects(e.g.,people,stimuli,books,singers,etc.)inalargecollectionofobjects.Theidentifiedgroupshavemembersthataresimilartoeach

2、otheranddifferentfromthemembersinothergroups.TheapproachissimilarinspirittoMDS,butproducesdiscretegroupswithoutanyspatialrepresentation.Theidentifiedgroupscanbeusedinsubsequentanalyses.IntroductionofClusterAnalysisTheapproachisdecidedly“discovery”oriented—thereisusuallynopriorknowledgeofhowor

3、whyobjectsmightbedistributedintoparticulargroups.Themostcommonclusteringmethodsarehierarchicalandagglomerative—formingclustersbyjoiningnearbyobjectsorclusters,beginningwithasmanyclustersasthereareobjectsandendingwithasinglecluster.InbetweenthereMAYbeanumberofclustersthatprovidesaconvenientsim

4、plificationofthedata.IntroductionofClusterAnalysisTheclusteringsolutiondependson:•Methodofjoiningnearbyobjects•Typeofdistanceorsimilaritymeasureused(e.g.,Euclideandistance,squaredEuclideandistance,Minkowskimetric,correlation,binarymatches)•Theinformationcontainedinthedistanceorsimilaritymeasu

5、re•Natureofthedata(standardizedornon-standardized,bycaseorbyvariable)OutlineA.NONHIERARCHICALCLUSTERING:(k-mean)1).AlgorithmI.2).AlgorithmII.B.HIERARCHICALCLUSTERING1).Agglomerativehierarchicalclusteringalgorithms:1.Centroidmethod.2.Nearest-neighbororsingle-linkagemethod.3.Farthest-neighboror

6、complete-linkagemethod4.Average-linkagemethod5.Ward'smethod.2).Divisivehierarchicalclusteringalgorithms:1.monothetic.2.polythetic.Outline(continued)C.OTHERCLUSTERINGMETHODS1).SelfOrganizingMap(SOM).2).GraphTheoryBasedMethod3).......DefinitionClusteranalysisisatechniqueusedforcombiningobservat

7、ionsintogroupsorclusterssuchthat:that:•Eachgrouporclusterishomogeneous(orcompact)withrespecttocertaincharacteristics..•Eachgroupshouldbedifferentfromothergroupswithrespecttothesamecharacteristics..WhatIsGoodClustering?•Agoodclusteringmethodwi