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1、IBT考试正文段部分的九阴真经例证法“Solongasnolawsarebroken,thereisnothingunethicalaboutdoingwhateveryouneedtodotopromoteexistingproductsortocreatenewproducts.”Ontheotherhand,severalconvincingargumentscanbemadeforholdingbusinesstoahigherethicalstandard.First,inmanycasesgovernmentregulationsth
2、atprotectconsumerslagbehindadvancesintechnology.AnewmarketingtechniquemadepossiblebyinternettechnologymaybeunethicalbutneverthelessmightnotbeproscribedbytheletterofthelawswhichpredatedtheInternet.Second,enforceabilitymightnotextendbeyondgeographicborders.Consider,forexample,t
3、hecaseof“dumping.”WhenproductsfailtocomplywithU.S.regulations,Americancompaniesfrequentlymarket—or“dump”—suchproductsinthird-worldcountrieswhereconsumer—protectionlawsarevirtuallynonexistent.Third,moralprinciplesformthebasisofgovernmentregulationandare,therefore,morefundament
4、althanthelaw.让步法“Allgroupsandorganizationsshouldfunctionasteamsinwhicheveryonemakesdecisionsandsharesresponsibilitiesandduties.Givingonepersoncentralauthorityandresponsibilityforaprojectortaskisnotaneffectivewaytogetworkdone.”Bywayofcontrast,atraumaunitinahospitalisacaseinwhi
5、choneindividualshouldassumeresponsibility,delegatedutiesandmakedecisions.Intraumaunits,split-seconddecisionsareinherentlypartofthedailyroutine,anditisgenerallyeasierforonepersontomakeaquickdecisionthanforateamtoagreeonhowtoproceed.Onecouldarguethatsincedecisionsintraumaunitsa
6、retypicallylife-and-deathones,leavingthesedecisionstoonepersonistoorisky.However,thisargumentignoresthecrucialpointthatonlythemostexperiencedindividualsshouldbetrustedwithsuchaburdenandwithsuchpower;leavingdecisionstoinexperiencedgroupmemberscanjeopardizeapatient’sverylife.类比
7、法“Itisunrealistictoexpectindividualnationstomake,independently,thesacrificesnecessarytoconserveenergy.Internationalleadershipandworldwidecooperationareessentialifweexpecttoprotecttheworld’senergyresourcesforfuturegenerations.”Anotherreasonwhyaninternationaleffortisrequiredist
8、hatotherproblemsofaninternationalnaturehavealsorequiredglobalcoopera