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1、OrderCodeRL31425ReportforCongressReceivedthroughtheCRSWebMilitaryTransformation:Intelligence,SurveillanceandReconnaissanceUpdatedJanuary17,2003JudyG.ChizekNationalDefenseFellowForeignAffairs,Defense,andTradeDivisionCongressionalResearchService˜TheLibraryofCongressMilitaryTransformation:Intelligen
2、ce,SurveillanceandReconnaissanceSummaryTheDepartmentofDefense(DOD)indicatesitisundertakingamajoralterationinitscapabilities,fromaforcedesignedtofighttheSovietUniontoonetailoredtost21centuryadversariesincludingterrorism.Thisshifthasbeenpromptedbytheperceptionofachangingthreatandimprovedtechnology,
3、especiallyinformationtechnology.Asthemilitaryservicesattempttoincreasetheagilityandversatilityoftheirweaponsystems,theyalsoseeaneedtoincreasethecapabilitiesofmilitaryintelligence,surveillanceandreconnaissance(ISR)tosupportthenewweaponsystemsandoperatingmethodsagainstthesenewthreats.Tojudgewhether
4、serviceactivitiesarelikelytohelpthemilitary“transform,”theheadofDOD’sOfficeofForceTransformation,retiredViceAdmiralArthurCebrowski(U.S.Navy)hasproposedthreecriteria–whethertheproposedcapabilitycancommunicateandoperateeasilyinconjunctionwiththeotherservices,whetherithelpsthemilitarydevelopnewmetho
5、dsofwarfighting,andwhetheritwillbeusefulagainstawiderangeofthreats.Inaddition,ISRactivitiesshould,intheaggregate,provideaworld-wideperspectiveofthethreat,“fuse”alltypesofintelligenceintoonepicture,accessextensivedetailsabouttheenemy,andmonitorspecifictargetsforlongperiodsoftime.Alloftheservicesar
6、eplanningISRprogramswhichexhibitatleastsomeattributesoftransformation.ManyobserversbelievemilitaryISRhasalreadyachievedsometransformation,asshowninthewarinAfghanistanbythemilitary’sabilitytodetectatargetanddestroyitwithinminutes.Themilitary’sabilitytomoveintelligencequicklyhasimproveddramatically
7、.However,manyobserversareconcernedthatanalysismaybelaggingbehind.Proposalstomakerevolutionarychangesinanalysisincludeusingcontractorstoproducecompetingunclassifiedanalyses,developingartificialintelligencecapabilitiesfo