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ID:37418973
大小:2.68 MB
页数:53页
时间:2019-05-23
《长白鸢尾生殖生物学研究》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、摘要本文以长白鸢尾(IrismandshuricaMaxim)为材料,通过室内实验、室外观察以及利用常规石蜡切片技术对长白鸢尾的花粉生活力,传粉机制和胚胎学进行了详细的研究。主要结果如下:(1)花粉生活力随时间的延续逐渐下降;在黑暗、低温的4℃冰箱中贮藏的花粉在24h内仍能保持30%以上的生活力;长白鸢尾花的开放受气候因素影响较大。(2)长白鸢尾可自花人工授粉且结实率较高;人工异花授粉效果也很好;最佳授粉时间为上午8:30:自然授粉结实率也较高;单花开放时间为8小时左右,开放当天即凋谢,群体连续花期为20天左右.(3)小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成四分
2、体,胞质分裂为连续型,四分体为四面体结构,成熟花粉为二细胞型。(4)子房3室,中轴胎座,多胚珠;胚珠倒生;厚珠心,双珠被。大孢子四分体为直线型,多为合点端大孢子发育成功能大孢子。成熟胚囊为蓼型胚囊。(5)具有雌雄异熟现象。(6)授粉后20_一24小时花粉管到达胚囊并产生双受精作用。受精作用属于有丝分裂前型。7(n合子休眠期为3天左右,初生胚乳核经过短期休眠后(4_6小时)开始进行分裂,胚乳发育类型为核型胚乳。关键词长白鸢尾;花粉生活力;传粉;胚胎学AbstractThispaperstudiespollenviability,pollinationc
3、apabilityandembryogcnesisofIrismandshuricabymeansofindoorexperiment,outdoorobservingandparaffinwax.Themainresultaleasfollows:(1)Thepollenviabilitybecomegraduallyfragilewiththetimeprolonging;Thepollenwhichindarknessandstoresinrefrigeratorthatthetemperatureaslowas4degreeCentigrad
4、e,stillcouldmaintainmorethan30percentviabilitywithin24houm.ThefloweringofIrismandshuricaislargelyinfluencedbyclimaticfactors.(2)IrismandshuricacouldbearfruitsartificiallyinownflowersandtherateofbearingfruitishigIler;theeffectsofcroSS—pollinationwerewell;thebesttimeforpollinatio
5、nWas8:30inthemorning;therateofbearingfruitbynaturalpollinationisalsohi【gher:thefloweringperiodis20days,singleflowerlasts8hours.(3)CytokinesisinthemicrosporocytemeiosisWasofthecontinuoustype.MicrosporetetradsWeretetrahedral.Maturepollengrainswere2-celled.(4)TheovaryWasthreelocul
6、ar,axialplacenta.Ovuleswereanatropous,bitegminousanderassinucellate.Themeiosisofmegasporemothereellalenormally.Themegasporetetradislineal,butonlythemegasporenearthechalazalendremain.TheformationofembryosacisPolygonumtype.(5)Thematureperiodofmalegametophytealeearlierthanfemalega
7、metophyte.(6)Afterartificialpollination24hou墙,pofientubegetintooneofsynergidsandOCCUrsfertilizationphenomenon.Doublefertilizationisthetypeofthepremitoticgametogamy.仍ThedurationofzygotedormancyWasaboutthreedays.After4-6hours,theprimaryendospermnucleusbeginsdividingandthenforms2e
8、ndospermcells,andthedevelopmentofendospermisnucleartyp
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