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1、英语基础知识一.句子成分主要成分：主语，谓语次要成分：宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语（一）主语：句子描述的对象；一般位于句首1.eg:Thedogisverycute.（名词n.）可数名词：单数名词（dog）复数名词(dogs)不可数名词（water,money,air）2.eg:Itisverycute.（代词）1）人称代词我我们你（们）他她它ta们主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem物主代词（..的）MyouryourhisheritstheirEg:Iloveyou.
2、Youloveher.Sheloveshim.Helovesher.Thisismygirlfriend.2）不定代词Somebody,nobody,everybody,anybodySomeone,noone,everyone,anyoneSomething,nothing,everything,anythingEg:Everythingisfine.3.eg:Oneandoneistwo.（数词）基数词：one,two,three,four....序数词：（第几）first,second,third,fourth,fi
3、fth....4.eg:Playinggamesisinteresting.（doing）Toplaygamesisinteresting.（todo）（二）谓语：主语发出的动作或状态；一般位于主语之后。1.实意动词（do,does,did）---play,plays,playedEg:Helikesplayinggames.2.助动词+动词Do/does/did+动词原形Have/has/had+doneEg:Hedoesn’tlikeplayinggames.Idon’tloveyou.3.情态动词+动词原形（can/
4、could,should应该,must必须，shall将，will将，might也许，may，would,need,oughtto应该）Eg:Wewillgraduatenextyear.4.系动词be----（am/is/are/was/were）Eg:Andyisadoctor.（三）宾语：谓语动作的承受者；一般位于谓语之后。（可以做主语的词就能做宾语）Eg:Ilikesports.（四）表语：系动词（be）之后。Eg:Andyisadoctor.（五）定语：修饰名词或代词（...的）Eg:Andyisanexcell
5、entstudent.（adj.）Eg:Theboyinwhiteisplayingbasketball.（介词短语）Andyisakindgirl.IlikewatchingthemovieaboutAmerica.（六）状语:表时间，地点，方式，原因，目的。。。Eg:Wehaveclassintheclassroom.Andyeatssomethingeveryday.（七）补语：补充说明主语或宾语（了解）Eg:Hiswordsmakemesad.（makesb+adj.）（八）同位语Eg:Myidolisveryha
6、ndsome.GDisveryhandsome.Myidol,GD,isveryhandsome.同位语I,yourbestfriend,willhelpyou.二.句子结构（一）简单句主语+谓语（vi.）主语+谓语(vt)+宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（了解）主语+谓语+宾语+补语（了解）主语+系动词+表语Eg:Isucceed.Shemarriesme.Igiveheraring.（givesbsth.）Thismakesherhappy.（makesb+adj）Sheismywife.（二）复合句1.并列句：and,o
7、r,butEg:IwanttobuysomethingbutIamverypoor.2.主从复合句：who,what,why,whose,where,how,if,when...Eg:WhenIbuysomething,Idon’thavemoney.从句主句总结：连词个数谓语个数0112Nn+1一个句子中，谓语一般比连词多一个。时态语态时态（时间+状态）Eg:我们每天都睡觉。我们昨天睡了觉。我们明天要睡觉。中文：时态通过时间状语体现。Eg:Wesleepeveryday.Wesleptyesterday.Wewillsl
8、eeptomorrow.英语：时态通过谓语形式和时间状语体现。一.一般式（现在，过去，将来）（一）一般现在时1.框架：am/is/aredo/does2.定义：现在的状态或习惯3.时间状语：often经常，usually，always总是，Sometimes有时=fromtimetotime,every
