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1、AboutquotationinthethesisWhenwewriteanacademicpaper,wealmostalwaysneedtoborrowideas,statistics,andpreviousresearchfindingstostrengthenourownideas,toexplainourownarguments,andtosupportourownevidence.Suchpracticenotonlyfitsourresearchintothelargerpictureofaparticularfieldofresearch,butalsolendsab
2、asisandpersuasivenesstoourarguments.Generallyspeaking,therearethreelegalwaysofusingoutsidesourcesandinformation:1.Directquotation2.Paraphrasing3.SummarizingEachofthesethreewaysisusedextensivelyinacademicresearch.Asamatteroffact,academicresearchrequiresthecombineduseofthesethreemethods.Ifaresear
3、chpaperiswrittenwithoutusinganyoutsideideasorinformation,thatpapermightbeconsideredasdeficientinacademicvalue.Ⅰ.DirectQuotation:1.DefinitionAdirectquotationisexactlythesameastheoriginalandmustbeputinquotationmarks.Everythingwithinthequotationmarks,thatistosay,notonlythewordsbutalsothespelling,1
4、2capitalizationandinteriorpunctuation,shouldbeexactlythesameastheoriginal.2.Whentousedirectquotations(1)Whentheoriginalwordingexpressestheideasopreciselyandsuccinctlythatwecannotimproveonit;(2)Whenthedirectquotationcomesfromanauthorityinaparticularfieldandthereforestrengthensourpointofview;(3)W
5、henweneedtoborrowaspecialtermorexpressionthatisaparticularwriter’sinventionandcarriesspecialmeaning;(4)Whenweneedtheoriginalwordingforthepurposeoffurtherdiscussion.3.Howtousedirectquotation(1)Whenwedoquote,weshouldmakeeveryefforttoworkthedirectquotationintoourownstatementsothatitmaybecomepartof
6、anorganicwhole.(2)Useacolonifourdirectquotationisintroducedbyacompletesentence:Sample1SinclairLewis,thefirstAmericanNobelPrizewinnerforliteraturein1930,believedthatDreiserbetterdeservedtheprize:“Dreiser…morethananyotherman,marchingalone,12usuallyunappreciated,oftenhated,hasclearedthetrailfromVi
7、ctorianandHowellsiantimidityandgentilityintheAmericanfictiontohonesty,boldnessandpassionoflife.”(3)Treatthedirectquotationaspartofthesentenceandpunctuateaccordinglyifitisnotintroducedbyacompletesentence:Sample2ToSinclairLewis,“Dre
