heodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞

heodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞

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时间:2019-05-09

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1、Naturalism&TheodoreDreiserEM0901徐凡NaturalismNaturalismwasaliterarymovementtakingplacefromthe1880sto1940sthatuseddetailedrealismtosuggestthatsocialconditions,heredity遗传,andenvironmenthadinescapableforceinshapinghumancharacter.Itwasdepictedasaliterarymovementt

2、hatseekstoreplicateabelievableeverydayreality,asopposedtosuchmovementsasRomanticismorSurrealism超现实主义,inwhichsubjectsmayreceivehighlysymbolic,idealistic,orevensupernaturaltreatment.Naturalismistheoutgrowthofliteraryrealism,aprominentliterarymovementinmid-19th

3、-centuryFranceandelsewhere.NaturalisticwriterswereinfluencedbyCharlesDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Theybelievedthatone‘sheredityandsocialenvironmentlargelydetermineone’scharacter.Whereasrealismseeksonlytodescribesubjectsastheyreallyare,naturalismalsoattemptstode

4、termine“scientifically”theunderlyingforces(e.g.theenvironmentorheredity)influencingtheactionsofitssubjects.Naturalisticworksoftenincludeuncouth粗野的orsordid肮脏的subjectmatterMajorfeaturesofNaturalismThecoreofnaturalismisdeterminism(决定论)Anindividual’scourseinlife

5、iswhollydeterminedbysomecombinationofanimalinstinct,heredity,andenvironment.Humanslackfreedomoftheirownwill.Alloftheiractionsarecontrolled,determined.Theuniverseiscold,godless,indifferentandhostiletohumandesires.Lifebecomesastruggleforsurvival.Twoofthenatura

6、list’srecurrentconcernsare:socialsystemsthatdestroyanddehumanize,andindividualexperienceoflossandfailure.Naturalismisaharsherandextremeformofrealism.Thenaturalistshaveamajordifferencefromtherealists.Theyfeelrealistsasfartoo“genteel”.Naturalistsdonotlookatthe

7、average,butattheviolent,sensational,sordid,unpleasantanduglyaspectsoflife.Theywouldgototheslumsandwriteaboutthelifeofpovertyandcrime.Theywriteaboutwar,prostitution,criminals,andalloftheseotheraspectsoflifethatarenottoopleasanttoconsider.AmericanNaturalismRep

8、resentatives:StephenCrane,FrankNorris,JackLondonandTheodoreDreiser.Thesewriters’detaileddescriptionofthelivesofthedowntroddenandtheabnormal,theirfranktreatmentofhumanpassionandsexuality,andtheir

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